Carotenoid HPLC determination

Breithanpt, D.E., Simultaneons HPLC determination of carotenoids nsed as food coloring additives applicability of accelerated solvent extraction. Food Chem., 86, 449, 2004. 

Marinova D and Ribarova F. 2007. HPLC determination of carotenoids in Bulgarian berries. J Food Comp Anal 20 370-374. 

HPLC determination of carotenoid pigments in samples of plant origin... 

The vitamin A activity of plant foods is usually based on the HPLC determination of the three most ubiquitous provitamins, namely, a- and /3-carotene and /3-cryptoxanthin. It is necessary to separate the provitamins from other carotenoids and to quantify them individually. An obvious prerequisite to accurate quantitation is the conclusive identification of the provitamins. 

JL Bureau, RJ Bush way. HPLC determination of carotenoids in fruits and vegetables in the United States. J Food Sci 51 128-130, 1986. 

EDELENBOS M, CHRISTENSEN L p and GREVSEN K (2001), HPLC determination of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments in processed green pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.) , JAgric Food Chem, 49, 4768-4774. 

Psomiadou, E. and Tsimidou, M. (1998) Simultaneous HPLC determination of tocopherols, carotenoids and chlorophylls for monitoring their effect on virgin olive oil oxidation. J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, 5132-5138. 

The dried carotenoid samples in kiwifruits were dissolved in 0.8% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)/acetone. Their concentrations of carotenoids were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their HPLC chromatographic peaks were identified by the comparison of their retention times and UVA is spectra with authentic standards of a-carotene (1), lutein (6), violaxanthin (8), antheraxanthin (15) and zeaxanthin (9). 

Muller, H., Determination of the carotenoid content in selected vegetables and fruit by HPLC and photodiode array detection, Z. Lebensm. Enters. Forsch. A, 204, 88, 1997. 

Although some normal phase methods have been used, the majority of carotenoid separations reported in the literature were carried out by reversed phase HPLC. Among the Cjg columns employed for determination of complete carotenoid compositions in foods, the polymeric Vydac brand is preferably used for separation of cis isomers. Several examples of different C,g columns and mobile phases are cited in the literature, but not aU carotenoids are baseline separated in most systems. Table 6.2.1 shows some examples employing different brands of Cjg columns." Acetonitrile did not improve selectivity toward separation of carotene isomers in a Vydac 201TP column and resolution was strongly dependent on the Vydac column lot. ... 

Because carotenoids are light- and oxygen-sensitive, a closed-loop hyphenated technique such as the on-line coupling of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) together with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be used for the artifact-free structural determination of the different isomers. 

Inbaraj, B. S., H. Lu et al. (2008). Determination of carotenoids and their esters in fruits of Lycium barbarum Linnaeus by HPLC-DAD-APCI-MS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 47(4-5) 812-818. 

Mejia LA, Hudson E, Gonzalez E and Vazquez F. 1988. Carotenoid content and vitamin A activity of some common cultivars of Mexican peppers (Capsicum annuum) as determined by HPLC. J Food Sci... 

Abayashi and Riley [467] used HPLC to determine chlorophylls, and their degradation products, and carotenoids in phytoplankton and marine particulate matter. 

Because of their complementary character, TLC and HPLC can be used simultaneously for the easier solution of complicated separation problems. Thus, the determination of cap-saicinoids in fruit of hot pepper Capsicum annuum L. by spectrophotometry, TLC and HPLC has been reported. Samples were homogenized with acetone followed by a homogenization with acetone-petroleum ether 1 1 v/v until the tissue was nearly white. The extract was filtered and the acetone was washed out by small amounts (0.01 ml) of water. The ether phase was dried with anhydrous NajSC and concentrated in vacuum at 30°C. The extract was separated on silica TLC plates using a petroleum ether-acetate-methanol (75 20 5) mobile phase. The capsaicinoids were scraped off the layer and further analysed by HPLC. The Rp values of carotenoids and capsaicinoids are listed in Table 2.2. It was stated that the method can be employed for the measurement of carotenoids in hot peppers [19]. 

Fig. 2.28. Relative abundance of carotenoid pigments in zebra finch diet, plasma and tissue. The carotenoid profile of each sample was determined by conventional reversed-phase HPLC. Letters denote significant differences in carotenoid composition (within tissues only) as determined by post hoc paired comparisons. Reprinted with permission from K. J. McGraw et al. [67].

Recently we published data that even in countries with excellent food sources and availability, insufficient vitamin A supply will occur (Schulz et ah, 2007). The aim of this trial was to analyze vitamin A and p-carotene status and investigate the contribution of nutrition to vitamin A and p-carotene supply in mother-infant pairs of multiparous births or births within short birth rates. Twenty-nine volimteers aged between 21 and 36 years were evaluated for 48 hours after delivery. In order to establish overall supply, retinol and p-carotene were determined in maternal plasma, cord blood, and colostrum via HPLC analysis. A food frequency protocol was obtained from all participants. Regardless of the high-to-moderate socioeconomic background, 27.6% of participants showed plasma retinol levels below 1.4 pmol/liter, which can be taken as borderline deficiency. In addition, 46.4% showed retinol intake <66% of RDA and 50.0% did not consume liver at all, although liver contributes as a main source for preformed retinol. Despite a high total carotenoid intake of 6.9 3.9mg/day, 20.7% of mothers showed plasma levels <0.5 pmol/liter p-carotene. 

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