Cardiovascular disorders ischemic heart disease

The [ -adrenoreceptors antagonists (also called [)-blockers) comprise a group of chiral drugs that are mostly used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, or ischemic heart disease. Teicoplanin is the chiral selector most exploited for the enantioseparation of this class of compounds, followed by vancomycin. Several P-blockers have been analyzed, particularly in the... 

Cardiovascular effects Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disorders including coronary insufficiency, ischemic heart disease, history of stroke, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, CHF, and hypertension. 

The development of these chronic. Western-type diseases is associated with an excessive formation and function of eicosanoids derived from n-6 fatty acids. As balance can be restored to eicosanoid biosynthesis by dietary n-3 fatty acids, an effective strategy to diminish cardio-cerebrovascular mortality (in addition to several other serious disorders) may be to decrease the intake of n-6 fatty acids and replace them with n-3 fatty acids (116). Such a strategy is supported by studies that show an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, specifically ischemic heart disease, in Japanese whose diet has increasingly become more Westernized (113, 117). 

Vascular disease is of major importance worldwide as a cause both of death and disability, mainly in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Ischemic heart disease and stroke are the two leading causes of deadi in the developing world, as well as in the developed world, and accounted for around one fiflh of the 50 million deaths worldwide in 1990 (1). Cardiovascular disorders caused almost 10% of all disability worldwide in 1990 (2), and projections suggest that by the year 2020 this will have risen to 15%, with almost all of the increase occurring in developing countries (3). 

Since ischemic heart disease and/or hypertension contribute so significantly to the development of heart failure in the majority of patients, it is important to emphasize that heart failure is a largely preventable disorder. Thus recent evidence that obesity and salt intake are important risk factors for heart failure is not surprising. Moreover, control of blood pressure and appropriate management of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (e.g., smoking cessation, treatment of lipid disorders, diabetes management, dietary modification, etc.) are important strategies for clinicians to implement to reduce their patients risk of heart failure. 

Mortality secondary to cardiovascular disease is 10 to 30 times greater in dialysis patients than in the general population. In addition to traditional cardiac risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use, and physical inactivity, patients with kidney disease have other unique risk factors. Among these are hyper-homocysteinemia, elevated levels of C-reactive protein, increased oxidant stress, and hemodynamic overload. Complications previously discussed such as anemia and metabolic disorders of CKD are also contributory. In particular, arterial vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis) and cardiomyopathy are the primary types of cardiovascular disorders present in the CKD population. These disorders lead to development of ischemic heart disease and its manifestations including myocardial infarction. As a predominant comorbidity, cardiovascular disorders and their sequela are the leading cause of death in the ESKD population. ... 

A confluence of scientific, technical, and medical advancements has made genetic therapeutics for cardiovascular disease a promising and exciting field. The molecular mechanisms of major cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and myocardial failure have been well characterized. Sophisticated surgical and catheter-based systems that can enable the delivery of therapeutic genes or cells in vivo are in clinical use, and clinical therapeutic end-points for the evaluation of treatment efficacy have been clearly defined. Simultaneously, gene therapy has evolved from a modality restricted to the potential cure of monogenetic diseases to a therapeutic platform that enables cus-... 

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