Cardiology, examples

Pulse pressure is another important consideration for you and your physician. Pulse pressure is essentially the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure readings. Dr. John Cockcroft, an international authority on blood pressure and hypertension at the University of Wales College of Medicine in the United Kingdom, provided a dramatic example of this in an interview featured on Medscape Cardiology, an Internet service for cardiologists and others specializing in heart health. He explained that if you look at the risk of a cardiovascular event such as a heart attack or a stroke in people with a rise of about 20 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure, the risk is not as great as that from a 20 mm Hg rise in pulse pressure. Dr. Cockcroft said that pulse pressure is often a far better predictor of risk than either systolic or diastolic blood pressure alone. 

Synthesis of Fructose 1,6-Diphosphate. Production of FDP is another example of the use of our ATP regeneration system. FDP is used as an intravenous therapeutic agent. It is used in resuscitation, total parenteral nutrition, and cardiology. An Italian company produces more than 20 tons of FDP per year by fermentation. The fermentation process... 

Degradable polymers also constitute an important component of vascular therapies [16]. For example, drug elution stents have fundamentally revolutionized interventional cardiology and improved clinical outcomes following... 

An increasing number of physicians are using integrated laser-fiberoptic systems, such as laser catheters or laser endoscopes, in a clinical setting. A few examples illustrate the use of laser catheters and endoscopes for clinical applications. The sections on cardiology and on cancer diagnosis and therapy illustrate the enormous potential of laser-fiberoptic techniques. 

The past 10 years have been characterized by an explosion in the field of materials science. It cannot be denied that scientists all over the world exdted by the development of smart polymers, composites, and systems invest effort in studying them in potential biomedical appUcations. The term Smart defines a material or system having the ability of adapting itself to external stimulus by a number of ways, for example, shape shifting. The most known nonpolymer biomaterial is the shape memory alloys, such as NiTinol, with many dental applications [111]. Smart polymers are still under development [112, 113], some are already commercially available as in the case of smart polyurethanes (DiAPLEX ) by Mitsui Polymers. Recently, a cardiology product has been released in the market featuring smart characteristics. The discussion is about a cardiology stent dilated with the help of a balloon made from smart shape memory polyurethane as described in a 2002 US patent, and placed inside the blocked arteries of a patient [114]. 

Recently, for the example ofpoly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and a number of its composites [14-16] we have studied physical-chemical, dynamic and transport characteristics of macroscopic biodegradable matrices and microparticles of PHB which were designed for controlled dmg release [16, 17]. High biocompatibility, controlled biodegradation and appropriate mechanical properties allow one to consider this biopolymer as one of the most promising biomedical polymers. Besides therapeutical aims, PHB is widely used as bone implants, nervous conduits, matrices in cell engineering, filters and membranes, in cardiology and in the other areas [14,18,19]. 

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