Carcinogenesis short term tests

Hradec J, Spiegelhalder B, Preussmann R. 1988. The initiator tRNA acceptance assay as a shortterm test for carcinogens. 2. Results with ten compounds selected by the International Programme on Chemical Safety for the evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogens. Carcinogenesis 9 843-846. 

Mitchell, I.D., Gilbert, P.J., Brice, A.J. White, D.J. (1981) Somatic eye mutation m Drosophila melanogaster as a short-term test for mutagens and carcinogens. Carcinogenesis, 2,783-786... 

Chapter 22. Styles, J. A. Other short-term tests in carcinogenesis studies. 

A number of short-term tests can be used to determine the genotoxic potential of chemicals. These tests use both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and measure such end points as gene mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and interactions with critical macromolecules It is widely recognized chat no test can detect all genotoxic compounds, and multiple end points are required to provide a reliable assessment of genotoxiclty. Information from several tests can be combined to reveal two important toxic effects carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. 

Robinson DE, Mitchell AD. 1981. Unscheduled DNA synthesis response of human fibroblasts, WI-38 cells, to 20 coded chemicals Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogenesis Report of the International Collaborative Program. Prog Mutat Res 1 517-527. 

De Serres, F.J. and J. Ashby, Eds. 1981. Evaluation of short-term tests for carcinogenesis. Elsevier/North Holland, New York. 

Parry, Y.M., and Sharp, D.C., The induction of mitotic aneuploidy in the yeast strain D6 by 42 coded compounds , in Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogenesis, Progress in Mutation Research, F.J. de Serres and J. Ashby (Eds.), 1981, Elsevier, New York, pp. 468-480. 

In cases such as this, demonstration of genetic activity or the lack of it in a short-term test system capable of detecting direct acting carcinogens would provide useful information for the interpretation of the rodent carcinogenesis data. 

Table III describes the characteristics of the test substance to be considered. Although in the case of carcinogenesis, we do not know the mechanisms involved, there are inherent biological and chemical properties which can indicate limits to the potential reactivity of chemicals with mammalian cell constituents. These include chemical similarity to other known toxins, binding or adduct formation with cell macromolecules, genotoxicity or activity in short-term tests for carcinogenicity, metabolic and pharmacokinetic data, and other pertinent physiological, pharmacological or biochemical properties.

F. K. Ennever, T. J. Noonan, and H. S. Rosenkranz, Carcinogenesis, 2, 73 (1987). The Predictivity of Animal Bioassays and Short-Term Genotoxicity Tests for Carcinogenicity and Non-carcinogenicity to Humans. 

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