Carcinogenesis Activation

G. H. Loew, B. H. Sudhindra, S. Burt, G. P. Pack, and R. MacElroy, lnt. J. Quantum Chem., Quant. Biol. Symp., 6, 259 (1979). Aromatic Amine Carcinogenesis Activation and Interaction with Nucleic Acid Bases. 

DNA damage by active oxygen species has attracted much interest in relation to carcinogenesis. Active oxygen species may be involved in initiation. 

Anisimov, V. N., Zabezhinski, M. A., Popovich, I. G., Liebcrman, A. I. and Shmidt, J. L., Prevention of spontaneous and chemically-induecd earcinogenesis using activated earbon fiber adsorbent. I. Effeet of the aetivated carbon fiber adsorbent Aqualen on spontaneous carcinogenesis and life span in mice. Cancer Lett., 1998, 126(1), 23 28. 

Bolognesi C, Bonatti S, Began P, et al. 1994. Genotoxicity of some pesticides used in floriculture comparative evaluation of active ingredients and agrochemical formulations. Carcinogenesis 35 144. 

Third, reactions of activated species of chemical carcinogens with DNA are thought to be of great importance in chemical carcinogenesis. Some chemicals (eg, benzojajpyrene) require activation by monooxygenases... 

Anna CH, Maronpot RR, Pereira MA, et al. 1994. Ras proto-oncogene activation in dichloroacetic acid-, trichloroethylene-and tetrachloroethylene-induced liver tumors in B6C3F, mice. Carcinogenesis 15 2255-2261. 

ANDERSON M w, REYNOLDS s H, YOU M and MARONPOT R M (1992) Role of proto-oncogene activation in carcinogenesis . Environ Health Perspect, 98, 13-24. 

Strong promoting activity of phenylethyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate on urinary bladder carcinogenesis in F344 male rats , Int J Cancer, 77 773-7. 

SPARNINS V L, BARANY G, WATTENBERG Lw. (1988) Effects of organosulfur compounds from garlic and onions on benzo[a]pyrene-induced neoplasia and glutathione S-transferase activity in the mouse. Carcinogenesis. 9 131-4. 

These studies on NPYR are typical of the state of the art in cyclic nitrosamine metabolism ai d activation. The major metabolic pathways have been rather well characterized, but data on the relationship of these pathways to carcinogenesis are limited. This is especially true of the organospecific effects of NPYR and the other cyclic nitrosamines. For example, the main target organs for NPYR in the Syrian golden hamster are the trachea and nasal cavity rather than the liver. This is in spite... 

We recently reported a structure-activity model for variations In target organs (12) and are currently examining the possible application of the quantitative structure-activity approach to the problem of specles-to-specles differences In susceptibility toward nltrosamlne carcinogenesis (19). These two topics will be discussed In the remainder of this presentation. 

The experiments with deuterium-labeled nitrosamines illustrate two important points. One is that oxidation of nitrosamines takes place at more than one position in the molecule, and the outcome of the balance of such competing reactions probably is the determinant of carcinogenic potency. The second is that the reason for the failure of carcinogenesis to be mirrored in many cases by the microsomally activated bacterial mutagenicity is that there can be several metabolic steps leading to formation of the proximate carcinogenic agent and not all of these need necessarily involve microsomal enzymes. ... 

Varanasi U, JE Stein, M Nishimoto, WL Reichert, TK Collier (1987) Chemical carcinogenesis in feral fish uptake, activation, and detoxication of organic xenobiotics. Environ Health Perspect 71 155-170. 

Zimmerman, R and Cerutti, P. (1984). Active oxygen acts as a promoter of carcinogenesis in C3H/10T1/2/C18 fibroblasts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81, 2085-2087. 

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