Proto-oncogene activation

Anna CH, Maronpot RR, Pereira MA, et al. 1994. Ras proto-oncogene activation in dichloroacetic acid-, trichloroethylene-and tetrachloroethylene-induced liver tumors in B6C3F, mice. Carcinogenesis 15 2255-2261. 

ANDERSON M w, YOU M and REYNOLDS s H (1991) Proto-oncogene activation in rodent and human tumors , ADVExp Med Biol, 283, 235-43. 

ANDERSON M w, REYNOLDS s H, YOU M and MARONPOT R M (1992) Role of proto-oncogene activation in carcinogenesis . Environ Health Perspect, 98, 13-24. 

This study reports that retrovirus vector insertion into a proto-oncogene activates proto-oncogene expression, which may trigger malignancy. 

Amra, C.H., Maronpot, R.R., Pereira, M.A., Foley, J.F., Malarkey, D.E. Anderson, M.W. (1994) ras Proto-oncogene activation in dichloroacclic acid-, trichloroethylene- and tetrachloro-ethylene-induced liver tumors inB6C3Fl mice. Carcinogenesis, 15, 2255-2261... 

Clark GJ, Der CJ. Ras proto-oncogene activation in human malignancy. In Garret G, Sell S, eds. Cellular cancer markers. Totowa NJ Humana Press, 1995 17-52. 

Fong, A.T., R.H. Dashwood, R. Cheng, C. Mathews, B. Ford, J.D. Hendricks and G.S. Bailey. Carcinogenicity, metabolism and Yd-ras proto-oncogene activation by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rainbow trout embryos. Carcinogenesis 14 629-635, 1993. 

Inghirami G, Macri L, Cesarman E, et al. Molecular charaaeriza-tion of CD30+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma high frequency of c-myc proto-oncogene activation. Blood. 1994 83(12) 3581-3590. 

While only a simulation, this model still serves to illustrate 1) the potential impact of cytotoxicity upon the dynamics of DNA turnover and the background rate of spontaneous mutation/proto-oncogene activation or, in the case of genotoxins, the rate of chemically-induced mutation and 2) the potentially large differences in potency, at a macromolecular level, which may exist between these two classes of carcinogens. One factor which this model does not take into account, however, is the potential Impact of purely receptor-mediated promotional activity of a cytotoxic compound. 

Class Proto-oncogene Activation Mechanism Location Disease... 

RAO G N and berk b c (1992) Active oxygen species stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proto-oncogene expression Circulation Research 70, 593-9. 

Nebreda, A. R., and Hunt, T. (1993). The c-mos proto-oncogene protein kinase turns on and maintains the activity of MAP kinase, but not MPF, in cell-free extracts of Xenopus oocytes and eggs. EMBO J. 12 1979-1986. 

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