Carcinogenesis acetate

Cobalt compounds can be classified as relatively nontoxic (33). There have been few health problems associated with workplace exposure to cobalt. The primary workplace problems from cobalt exposure are fibrosis, also known as hard metal disease (34,35), asthma, and dermatitis (36). Finely powdered cobalt can cause siUcosis. There is Htfle evidence to suggest that cobalt is a carcinogen in animals and no epidemiological evidence of carcinogenesis in humans. The LD q (rat) for cobalt powder is 1500 mg/kg. The oral LD q (rat) for cobalt(II) acetate, chloride, nitrate, oxide, and sulfate are 194, 133, 198, 1700, 5000, and 279 mg/kg, respectively the intraperitoneal LD q (rat) for cobalt(III) oxide is 5000 mg/kg (37). 

KATiYAR s K and MUKHTAR H (1997) Inhibition of phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-caused inflammatory responses in SENCAR mouse skin by black tea polyphenols . Carcinogenesis, 18 1911-16. 

Reiners, J.J., Hale, M.A. and Cantu, A.R. (1988). Distribution of catalase and its modulation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in murine dermis and subpopulations of keratinocytes differing in their stages of differentiation. Carcinogenesis 9, 1259-1263. 

Meyer SA, Kim TW, Moser GL, et al. 1994. Synergistic interaction between the non-phorbol ester-type promoter mirex and 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in mouse skin tumor promotion. Carcinogenesis 15(1) 47-52. 

Long-chain ester derivatives of phorbol, a tetracyclic diterpene from the seed oil of Croton tiglium L., including its most abundant representative, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (65), are potent activators of protein kinase G (PKG) and are used as standard tumor promoters for the study of experimental carcinogenesis in animal models." ... 

Kate K, Kawai T, Fuji M, et al. 1985. Enhancing effect of preadministration of carbon tetrachloride on methylazoxymethanol acetate-induced intestinal carcinogenesis. J Toxicol Sci 10 289-293. 

Although the literature on cannabinolds is large, no Information is available with regard to the capacity of DMHP and the eight acetate isomers to produce mutagenesis, teratogenesls, or carcinogenesis in animals or man. 

Kennedy, A.R., and Little, J.B. (1980). Investigations of the mechemisms for enhancement of radiation transformation in vitro by 12-0-tetradecanoy-lphorobo-13-acetate, Carcinogenesis 1,1039. 

Murakoshi, M., Nishino, H., Tokuda, H., Iwashima, A., Okuzumi, J., Kitano, H., and Iwasaki, R. (1992). Inhibition by squalene of the tumor promoting activity of 12 o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Int. ]. Cancer 52,950-952. 

Benzyl acetate was tested in two studies for promotion of pancreatic carcinogenesis in rats and was found to be inactive. 

Longnecker, D.S., Roebuck, B.D., Curphey, T.J. MacMillan, D.L. (1990) Evaluation of promotion of pancreatic carcinogenesis in rats by benzyl acetate. Food chem. Toxicol., 28, 665-668... 

United States National Toxicology Program (1993) Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzyl Acetate (CAS No. 140-11-4) inF344/NRats and B6C2Fi Mice (NTP Technical Report Series No. 431 NIH Publ. No. 93-3162), Research Triangle Park, NC... 

Soyasapogenol B, soyasaponins I and II and wistariasaponins from Wistaria brachybotrys (wistariasaponin C corresponds to astragaloside VIII) decreased (20-30%) the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) activation induced by the tumor promoter TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) in Raji cells at a concentration of lxlO2 mol ratio [151]. Soyasaponin I from the same plant exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects on mouse skin tumor promotion on the basis of the two-stage DMBA-TPA carcinogenesis test in vivo. Soyasaponin I reduced the number of papillomas per mouse at about 40% even at 20 weeks [152]. 

Nishino, H. Okuyama, T. Takata, M. Shibata, S. Tokuda, H. Takayasu, J. Hasegawa, T. Nishino, A. Ueyama, H. Iwashima, A. Studies on the anti-tumor-promoting activity of naturally occurring substances IV. Pd-H [(+)anomalin, (- -)praeruptorin B], a seselin-type coumarin, inhibits the promotion of skin tumor formation by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated mice. Carcinogenesis (London), 1990, 11 1557-1561. 

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