Croton tiglium

Crotonoside. Crotonoside, also caHed isoguanosine, (45) has been isolated from Croton tiglium (4). Ip administration of [2- C]crotonoside to rats results in incorporation into nucleic acids (qv). It inhibits the inducible binding sites, inhibits glutamic acid dehydrogenase, and accumulates cAMP. 

Croton oil is an extract of the seed of the plant Croton tiglium and has been commercially prepared as Croton resin since 1932. Its activity on the skin is related to free hydroxyl groups, which cause skin vesiculation even in low doses. 

Long-chain ester derivatives of phorbol, a tetracyclic diterpene from the seed oil of Croton tiglium L., including its most abundant representative, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (65), are potent activators of protein kinase G (PKG) and are used as standard tumor promoters for the study of experimental carcinogenesis in animal models." ... 

Croton tiglium L. China Croton resin, phorbol, crotonic acid, cretin, crotonoside.33 This herb is very toxic. Purgative. 

In addition to its occurrence as a component of ribonucleic acid D-ribose has been found in combination with uric acid in the blood12 and with 2-hydroxy-6-aminopurine (isoguanine) in the croton bean (Croton tiglium L).13-14 v. Euler, Karrer and Usteri15 as well as Schlenk16 have shown D-ribose to be a component of cozymase. 

Glycerol (= 1,2,3-Propanetriol) (triose sugar alcohol) Universal in glycerol-based fats phospholipids Croton tiglium (Euphorbiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) Sweet... 

Formic acid Widespread (low) Croton tiglium Acid taste [toxic]... 

Hydroxy-9-(/3-D-ribofuranosyl)adenine Crotonoside Croton tiglium) B-70MI40900, p.267... 

Phorbol (14) was isolated from the oil of Croton tiglium (Euphorbiaceae) seeds " ". The presence of a system containing both the cyclopropanol and the cyclopropylcarbinol functionalities at the C/D ring moiety is quite unusual. Various fatty acid esters of phorbol have been shown to be the active components responsible for the co-carcinogenic activity of croton oil. Esterification usually occurs at C(11) and C(12) with a pair of long chain and short chain fatty acids, as in the potent co-carcinogenic tetradecyl phorbol acetate (TPA). 

The oil of Croton tiglium (croton) has a violent purgative action and contains tumor-promoting phorbol diesters and triesters. 

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry) Gaultheiia procumbens (wintergreen) Ledum palustre (marsh Labrador tea) Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) Breynia officinalis (Chi R Yun) Croton tiglium (croton)... 

Oleum Tiglii Volatile oil Croton tiglium Asia... 

Phorbol esters were first detected in oil prepared from seeds of Croton tiglium, and are the most widely studied skin tumor promoters however, many other chemical compounds have been shown to possess skin tumor-promoting properties, for example, phenobarbitol, DDT, and the peroxisomal prolifera-tors. Within a few hours after application of a single effective dose of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (also known as TPA and 12-O-tetradecanoyTphor-boTl3-acetate, CAS 16561-29-8) to mouse skin, localized edema and erythema characteristic of inflammation and irritation are evident, and within 24 h there is leukocytic infiltration of the dermis. Within 1 or 2 days after a single promoter treatment, stimulation of mitotic activity in the basal cell layer of the epidermis is evident and continues for several days. This results in an increased number of... 

Derivation By expression from the seeds of Croton tiglium. 

Croton oil is extracted from the seeds of the shrub Croton tiglium (Figure 25.13), of the family Euphorbiaceae. In the past, these seeds were also called Moluccas seeds, Tilly seeds or small Indian pine nuts. 

From seeds of Croton tiglium a West-Indian plant. Symptoms and signs pain in abdomen, purging, vomiting. Death uncommon. 

In 1932, Cherbuliez and Bernhard isolated, from croton beans (Croton tiglium L.), a purine nucleoside which they named crotonoside. It is isomeric with guanosine and gives, on acid hydrolysis, D-ribose and isoguanine. 9- 3-D-Ribofuranosylisoguanine (14), prepared by treatment of... 

Croton Oil. Fixed oil expressed from seeds of Croton tiglium L., Euphorbiaceae. Constit. Croton resin—a powerful vesicant glycerides of stearic, palmitic, myristic, lauric. tiglic, etc., acids crotin phorbol (q. v.) esters. Review Meeker, Schmidt. Fortschr. Chem. Org. Naturst. 31, 377 (1974). 

E. Hecker and R. Schmidt Phorbolesters, the irritants and cocarcinogenes of Croton tiglium L. in Fortschr. Chem. Org. Natnrst. 31 (1974) 377-467. 

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