Starch carboxymethylation

Starches can have a hydrogen replaced by something else, such as a carboxymethyl group, making carboxymethyl starch. 

Adding the carboxymethyl group makes the starch less prone to damage by heat and bacteria. Carboxymethyl starch is used as an additive in oil drilling mud. It is also used in the goo that makes ultrasound examinations so messy. Carboxymethyl starch is also called a starch ether. 

Carboxymethyl groups make the starch more hydrophilic (water-loving), and aid in cross-linking. This makes carboxymethyl starch useful in aspirin and other tablets to make them disintegrate quickly. 

Electrical charge density is not changed, such as carboxymethyl starch... 

Hydroxypropyl starch Starch esters Carboxymethyl starch... 

Before weaving, the warp is covered with a layer of polymer to withstand the mechanical stress (abrasion, tension) during weaving. These polymer coatings are so-called sizes. Normally native starch, modified starch like carboxymethyl-starch (CMS), carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC), polyvinylalcohols (PVA), polyacrylates, and proteins can be used. The amount of added polymer for staple yarns like Co is between 8 and 20% of the weight of the warp. As a result, in many cases the final amount of polymer to be removed in the desizing step is approximately 5-10% of the weight of the fabric. 

Carboxymethyl starch (with mono chloro acetic acid)... 

The TEMPO - sodium hypochlorite - sodium bromide system has been applied to starch ether derivatives, particularly hydroxyethyl starch, which has a primary hydroxyl group on the hydroxyethyl ether group that can also be oxidized to a carboxyl group and carboxymethyl starch. The apparent goal was improved sequestering agents via higher carboxyl content and the proper multidentate conformations... 

Tris Acryl DEAE M (weak anion exchange) Carboxymethyl starch Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from beef heart 28... 

The carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derivatives and carboxymethyl starch (CMS) are effective antiredeposition agents that are cellulose-containing fibers such as cotton and blends of cotton and synthetic fibers. However, CMC has virtually no effect on pure synthetic fibers. Other effective antiredeposition agents and soil repellents have been developed (Fig. 5.4) [20]. 

Juliano C, Gavini E, Cossu M, et al. Mucoadhesive alginate matrices containing sodium carboxymethyl starch for buccal drug delivery in in vitro and in vivo studies. 5TP Pharma Sci 2004 14(2) 159-163. 

Carboxymethyl starch, sodium salt Explosol Explotab-, Glycolys Primojeh, starch carboxymethyl ether, sodium salt Tablo Vivastar P. 

Claudius JS, Neau SH. Solution stability of vancomycin in the presence and absence of sodium carboxymethyl starch. Int Pharm 1998 168 41 8. 

Mendell E. An evaluation of carboxymethyl starch as a tablet disintegrant. Pharm Acta Helv 1974 49 248-250. 

The addition of crospovidone has no adverse effect on tablet hardness. The hardness often remains proportional to the compression force over a wide range [404, 390], so that tablets of high hardness and rapid disintegration can be obtained. The performance of crospovidone, starch and carboxymethyl starch in hydrochlorothiazide is compared in Fig. 76. 

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