Carboxylate copolymers

Several organic sealants such as epoxy resins, butyl rubber or silicones prove to be more or less permeable and the tiny amount of solvent in the cell is rapidly lost. Suitable organic sealing materials for this technology turn out to be thermoplastic materials, like polyethylene/carboxylate copolymers. So far, Surlyn 1702 ionomer from Dupont has been the main substance used to optimize cell performance and build module prototypes. However, the softening point of Surlyn is rather low (65° C) and at elevated temperatures (> 70°C), serious solvent loss is observed because the bond between Surlyn and TCO-coated glass is substantially weakened [7]. 

Glycol Gelatin Capsule Fill Formulations Comprising Crosslinked Carboxylic Copolymers. US Patent 5,885,671, 55. 

Primapel . [Rohm Haas] Acrylic carboxylic copolymer carpet soil retardant... 

Conventional Linear ASTs. The increase in viscosity that occurs on neutralization of certain types of carboxylated copolymers in aqueous media is a well-known phenomenon, and the earliest theoretical descriptions of the process are still substantially accepted (28-30). In the generalized case for linear polymers forming true solutions, as pH is raised and carboxyl groups are neutralized, the polymer molecules become hydrated, and their molecular coils expand because of electrostatic repulsion of the carboxyl-anion charge centers. This coil expansion results in dissolution and an increase the polymer s hydrodynamic dimensions, which in turn increases intermolecular entanglement and resistance to flow. The increase in solution viscosity that occurs in this process is referred to as hydrodynamic thickening . 

Influence of Ions on the Bulk Properties of a Carboxylic Copolymer"... 

Turbidimetry Studies. Significantly, no phase separation was observed during turbidimetric studies for solutions of AM/NaAMB copolymers in aqueous CaCl2 solutions at temperatures up to 100 C. This observation was quite surprising initially since carboxylated copolymers, particularly acrylamide/sodium acrylate, phase separate readily under such conditions and are, therefore, poor choices for viscosification. 

M.A. Chirigos, W. Turner, J. Pearson, and W. Griffin, Effective antiviral therapy of two murine leukemias with an interferon-inducing synthetic carboxylate copolymer, Int. J. Cancer, 4 (3), 267-278,1969. 

Polysulfonate Copolymer n (sulfonate-carboxylate copolymer) A family of transparent, thermoplastic polyesters, moldable at 250-300°C, and formed by reaction of a diphenol, generally bisphenol A, with an aromatic disulfonyl chloride and an aliphatic disulfonyl chloride or carboxylic acid chloride. These copolymers... 

This chapter is based on the chapters which appeared in the two previous editions of this Handbook.As stated in the second edition, it is our intent to cover the broad topic of carboxylic copolymers as employed in, or useful for adhesive applications. 

Cements prepared from carboxylic butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers blended with phenolic resins, like the analogous cements prepared with noncarboxylic butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, are adhesive agents for steel to rubber. Employed without curative agents, the carboxylic copolymers give better steel-to-rubber adhesion than the analogous noncarboxylic copolymers. Confirmation of this is cited in the patent literature. 

In cotton-cotton lamination, the use of carboxylic elastomer latexes is reported" to double the bond strength and improve the solvent resistance over that normally found with conventional noncarboxyl latexes. A typical copolymer latex was based on isoprene (54-64), acrylonitrile (35-45), and methacrylic acid (1-3). A Dow Chemical Company patent" claims the use of a film-forming carboxylic copolymer latex, an epichlorohydrin-polyamide adduct, with a calcium carbonate filler as an improved adhesive for bonding scrim to the back of tufted carpeting. 

There are indications that the manufacture of laminated furniture will probably increase at a rate greater than GNP. Therefore, hot melt adhesives should have a good future in furniture applications, assuming some improvement in product performance. The main limitation of the current EVA adhesives is high temperature performance. But this may be improved by using carboxylated copolymers which have slightly higher temperature resistance. 

Chem. Descrip. Potassium salt of carboxylic copolymer with anionic dispersant Ionic Nature Anionic Chem. Analysis 10% water... 

---