Carboxyhemoglobin blood levels

B) A preliminary diagnosis would be confirmed by determination of the carboxyhemoglobin blood level... 

Table III. Comparison of Results for Blood Levels of Carboxyhemoglobin, Cyanide and Ethanol...

One of the most carefully worked out dose-response relationships is that for carbon monoxide poisoning. Based on controlled studies of exposure in humans at low levels and on observations in humans who have suffered high level exposures because of their occupation or because of accidents or suicide attempts, the relationship between blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and toxicity is understood as follows ... 

Tobacco use. Cigarette smoke inhaled by a pregnant woman affects the fetus through the direct effects of nicotine and other chemicals, hypoxia associated with increased blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin, nicotine-induced constriction... 

Workers who used methylene chloride in making acetate film had sleepiness and fatigue and decreased digit symbol substitution scores and lengthened reaction time. Use of methylene chloride in closed spaces has been fatal with brain edema, elevated blood levels of carboxyhemoglobin and caused temporary right hemispheric paralysis and/or unconsciousness. Chronic exposure has been associated with dementia, headache, dizziness and disturbed gait. ... 

DCM is classified in the 2B class ( possible human carcinogen) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (lARC) [1]. Most of toxic effects of DCM have been observed after acute exposures and are reversible central nervous system depression, narcosis, irritation of eyes and respiratory tract, lung edema, and the production of elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood. 

A deterrnination that carbon monoxide might be a metaboUte of methylene chloride in humans (33) suggests that unacceptable levels of carboxyhemoglobin would exist in the blood of persons exposed to methylene chloride vapors at concentrations greater than 500 ppm for extended periods of time. These conditions are rarely encountered in most industrial appHcations. However, as with any organic solvent, adequate ventilation should be provided to ensure compliance with all industrial and governmental regulations. 

Percent of carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb) in blood Human symptoms associated with this CoHb level... 

Cooke RA. 1986. Blood lead and carboxyhemoglobin levels in roadside workers. J Soc Occup Med... 

Figure 5. Levels of blood carboxyhemoglobin in fire death victims.

Clark, C. J. Campbell, D Reid, W. H. Blood Carboxyhemoglobin and Cyanide Levels in Fire Survivors. Lancet, 1981, 1332-1335. 

Interpretation/report The spectra of the two different blood samples are different (Fig. 21.12). The Oximeter, though calibrated for human blood, indicates 60-70% of the hemoglobin in the fish from the fish kill is carboxyhemoglobin. The control fish showed less than 10%. Human fatalities have carboxyhemoglobin levels above 30% ... 

A number of compounds act in synergy with cyanide to produce toxic effects. In smoke, hydrogen cyanide may interact with other toxicants (Birky and Clarke 1981). High blood cyanide levels were found in fire victims however, the carboxyhemoglobin levels were also high. Thus, it is difficult to assess the... 

The blood of an individual exposed to carbon monoxide shows elevated levels of carboxyhemoglobin. 

We start with data on the emission of CO. A dispersion model gives us estimates on the CO-concentrations in the air. An exposure model is used to obtain estimates of the number of persons exposed to different CO-concentrations. Then follows a model relating CO-levels to carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) leveb in the blood. Finally, a dose-response model is required to obtain estimates for the health effects. These estimates should be gjven in terms of a frequency distribution to account for uncertainty. 

Laboratory data show a remarkably increased carboxyhemoglobin level in the blood. The best explanation for this finding is that CO has which of the following effects ... 

Methylene chloride Carboxyhemoglobin level levels of methylene chloride in blood or breath... 

A. The majority of patients complain of headache, dizziness, and nausea. Patients with coronary disease may experience angina or myocardial infarction. With more severe exposures, impaired thinking, syncope, coma, convulsions, cardiac arrhythmias, hypotension, and death may occur. Although blood carboxyhemoglobin levels may not correlate reliably with the severity of intoxication, levels greater than 25% are considered significant and levels greater than 40-50% are usually associated with obvious intoxication. 

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