Carbonic acid anhydrides ethers

The lower members of other homologous series of oxygen compounds— the acids, aldehydes, ketones, anhydrides, ethers and esters—have approximately the same limits of solubility as the alcohols and substitution and branching of the carbon chain has a similar influence. For the amines (primary, secondary and tertiary), the limit of solubility is about C whilst for the amides and nitriles it is about C4. 

Ahyl alcohol undergoes reactions typical of saturated, aUphatic alcohols. Ahyl compounds derived from ahyl alcohol and used industriahy, are widely manufactured by these reactions. For example, reactions of ahyl alcohol with acid anhydrides, esters, and acid chlorides yield ahyl esters, such as diahyl phthalates and ahyl methacrylate reaction with chloroformate yields carbonates, such as diethylene glycol bis(ahyl carbonate) addition of ahyl alcohol to epoxy groups yields products used to produce ahyl glycidyl ether (33,34). 

To a solution of 13 parts of compound A and 12 parts by volume of absolute pyridine in 80 parts by volume of absolute dioxane there are added dropwise and under constant stirring 35 parts of 3,4.5-trimethoxybenzoyl chloride dissolved in 70 parts by volume of absolute dioxane in the course of 30 minutes. The mixture is stirred for a further 3 hours at a temperature of 100°C and the excess solvent is then evaporated in vacuo. The residue of the evaporation is treated with ethyl acetate and saturated sodium carbonate solution, whereafter the organic phase is separated, treated with water, dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent is removed in vacuo. The residue thus obtained is taken up In ether and separated from 4 parts of insoluble trimethoxybenzoic acid anhydride by filtration. After evaporation of the ether there are obtained 32.5 parts of N,N -dimethyl-N,N -bis-[3-(3,4,5-trlmethoxybenzoxy)-propyl] -athylene diamine, corresponding to a yield of 86% of the theoretical. MP 75°C to 77°C. 

The phenyl ether oxygen atoms allow the two borazaphenanthrene rings to pivot with respect to each other, therefore this dimeric boronic acid anhydride can potentially exist in two isomeric forms, either face-to-face or helical (Fig. 18). In the face-to-face form the boron atoms of the bis(borazaphe-nanthrene) moieties have syn-orientation, while they have approximate anti-orientation in the helical form. Compound 68 has been characterized by X-ray crystallography in the helical form [109]. The dimensions of the cavity can be described by the transannular C C contacts between the carbon atoms in 2-position of the phenyl ether units, which have values of 5.12 and 6.21 A. 

Sodium Sodium peroxide See under Alkali metals Glacial acetic acid, acetic anhydride, aniline, benzene, benzaldehyde, carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, ethanol or methanol, ethylene glycol, ethyl acetate, furfural, glycerol, metals, methyl acetate, organic matter... 

Potassium carboxylate groups introduced onto the surface of carbon fibers initiated anionic polymerization of epoxides (e.g., styrene oxide, epichlorohydrin, and glycidyl phenyl ethers) and cyclic acid anhydrides (e.g., maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride) in the presence of 18-crown-6 [41]. 

Nitric acid, N-Methyl gluconamide. Acetic anhydride. Sodium bicarbonate. Methanol Dimethylurea, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid. Methylene chloride, Sodium carbonate Anhydrous hydrazine, Cyanogen bromide, Isopropyl alcohol, Sodium nitrite, Sodium bicarbonate, Copper nitrate trihydrate, Nitric acid, Diethyl ether, Dimethyl sulfate... 

Carbomethoxybenzaldehyde, 30, 100 5-Carbomethoxy valeryl chloride, 38, 39 Carbon disulfide, 30, 57 39, 8, 78 Carbonic acid, trithio-, bis(carboxy-methyl) ester, 39, 77 Carbonic-carboxylic anhydrides, 37, 21 Carbon monoxide, 34, 14 Carbon oxysulfide, 32, 103 Carbon tetrachloride, 32, 27 37, 8 Carbonylation, of pyrogallol-1,3-dimethyl ether with hexamethylenetetramine, 31, 92 of pyrrole with dimethylformamide,... 

Carbon 76.5 2.24b 0 4 Acid chlorides, anhydrides Ether, benzene, Can react with... 

A mixture of 5 parts l-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-(2-oxo-l-benzimidazolinyl)piperidine, 7.5 parts propionic acid anhydride and 80 parts benzene is stirred and refluxed for 16 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture is washed twice with 100 parts water. The aqueous layer is dried over potassium carbonate, filtered and evaporated. The residue is recrystallized from 60 parts of ether, yielding 4 parts crude l-(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl)-4-(2-oxo-3-propionyl-l-benzimidazolinyl)piperidine. This crop is recrystallized from 20 parts m-methyl-2-pentanone 4-ethyl-2-pentanone, yielding l-(3-... 

A mixture of 10.0 g of dehydro-epi-androsterone, 40 ml of pyridine and 20 ml of oenanthic acid anhydride was warmed for 2 h on a steam bath. About 10 ml of water were added and the mixture was warmed for a further 30 min. The reaction mixture was then subjected to a steam distillation. The resulting mixture was extracted with ether and the extract was successively washed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution, sodium carbonate solution and water. 

Glycolic acid is a crystalline solid melting at 7g°-8o°, and is easily soluble in water. It forms an anhydride, ethers and esters as has been explained for hydroxy acids in general. As there are only two carbon atoms present no other hydroxy acetic acid is possible. The double anhydride of glycolic acid is known as glycolide and is obtained when... 

The reaction of aliphatic carboxylate esters or ethers with carbon monoxide in the presence of nickel or a nickel derivative, iodine or an iodine compound, and an organic trivalent Group VA element compound and DBU under pressure gave carboxylic acid anhydrides (79GEP2844371). 

Phenylgermanic acid anhydride, (CgHsGeOjaO.—Equimolecular proportions of mercury diphenyl and germanium tetrachloride in dry xylene are heated in a sealed Pyrex bulb for two days, then diluted with dry ether and filtered. The solid residue is pure phenylmercuric chloride, and the filtrate is treated with benzene, and finally with water containing a few drops of ammonium hydroxide. The granular precipitate which separates at the liquid interface is removed and dried at 115° C. The anhydride is a white, fluffy, amorphous solid, with no definite melting-point, soluble in excess of alkali, and reprecipitated by carbon dioxide, insoluble in water and organic solvents. 

Phosgene is reported to combine with a wide range of oxygenated materials, including alcohols, ethers, ketones, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, lactones, esters, carbonic acid derivatives, etc. Only the reactions of COCIF with alcohols, phenols and cyclic ethers have been reported, resulting usually in the generation of fluoroformates. Such materials can often be usefully converted into the corresponding fluoro compound by means of decarboxylation in the presence of BF3, EtjO, pyridine, or other materials. 

Acid anhydride (two carboxylic acid molecules that have lost a molecule of water between them. This is similar to an ether, except that the 2 carbon atoms that are single-bonded with the connecting oxygen atom are also double-bonded with another oxygen atom each.)... 

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