Hydrogen fluoride reaction with carbon tetrachloride

Both Freon-11 and Freon-12 are made by the reaction of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) with hydrogen fluoride. Write equations for these reactions. 

Dichlorodifluoromethane is made by reacting carbon tetrachloride (CC14) with hydrogen fluoride gas (H2F2) in the presence of a catalyst, usually antimony pentafluoride (SbF5). In this reaction, two of the chlorines present in carbon tetrachloride are replaced by two fluorines from hydrogen fluoride, producing dichlorodifluoromethane. 

When treated with aluminum bromide at 100°C, carbon tetrachloride is converted to carbon tetrabromide [558-13-4], reaction with calcium iodide, Cal2, at 75°C gives carbon tetraiodide [507-25-5]. With concentrated hydroiodic acid at 130°C, iodoform [75-47-8], CHI, is produced. Carbon tetrachloride is unaffected by gaseous fluorine at ordinary temperatures. Replacement of its chlorine by fluorine is brought about by reaction with hydrogen fluoride at a... 

Carbon tetrachloride is used to produce chlorofluorocarbons by the reaction with hydrogen fluoride using an antimony pentachloride (SbCls) catalyst ... 

Dichlorodifluoromethane is prepared by the reaction of hydrogen fluoride with carbon tetrachloride in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as polyvalent antimony. The dichlorodifluoromethane formed is further purified to remove all traces of water and hydrochloric acid as well as traces of the starting and intermediate materials. 

Depending on the ring substituent, trifluoromethoxyben2enes can be made by the sequential chlorination—fluorination of anisole(s) (351—354). A one-step process with commercial potential is the BF (or SbF2)-cataly2ed reaction of phenol with carbon tetrachloride/hydrogen fluoride (355). Aryl trifluoromethyl ethers, which may not be accessible by the above routes,may be made by fluorination of aryl fluoroformates or aryl chlorothioformates with sulfur tetrafluoride (348) or molybdenum hexafluoride (356). 

Most CFCs are manufactured by combining hydrogen fluoride and either carbon tetrachloride or chloroform. The hydrogen fluoride comes from fluorspar, CaF2, reacting with sulfuric acid. The chlorinated methanes are manufactured from methane. Important reactions in the manufacture of CFC-11 and -12 and HCFC-22 are given in Fig. 12.2. 

Replacement of either one or two of the chlorines of carbon tetrachloride by fluorine can be achieved readily with antimony trifluoride containing some antimony pentachloride. The reaction stops after two chlorines have been replaced. The antimony trifluoride can be regenerated continuously from the antimony chloride by addition of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride ... 

Difiuoropropane (CH3CF2CH3).60 The vapor of 1 mole of propyne (b.p. —23.3°) is introduced into 4 moles of liquefied hydrogen fluoride in a metal container held at —23° by means of a carbon tetrachloride bath to hich enough solid carbon dioxide has been added to keep it mushy. Care is exercised to prevent the escape of any vapors. The reaction occurs at once. After completion of the addition, the reaction mixture is allowed to warm, and the vapors are passed through water and then condensed in a receiver cooled with solid carbon dioxide. The distillation of the condensate yields 54 g. (64%) of 2,2-difluoroethane, CH3CF2CH3, b.p. 0°. Lower reaction temperatures retard the addition, whereas higher temperatures favor polymerization. 

Explosive or potentiaOy explosive reaction with ammonia, cesium fluoride + fluorocarboxylic acids, cesium heptafluoropropoxide, 1- or 2-fluoriminoperfluoropropane, graphite, halocarbons (e.g., carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, perfluorocyclobutane, iodoform, 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane), liquid hydrocarbons (e.g., anthracene, turpentine), hydrogen, hydrogen -I- oxygen, hydrogen fluoride + seleninyl fluoride + heat, nitric acid, silver cyanide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, sodium acetate, sodium bromate, stainless steel, water. 

Violent reactions with ammonium salts, chlorate salts, beryllium fluoride, boron diiodophosphide, carbon tetrachloride + methanol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, halogens or interhalogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine vapor, chlorine trifluoride, iodine heptafluoride), hydrogen iodide, metal oxides + heat (e.g., beryllium oxide, cadmium oxide, copper oxide, mercury oxide, molybdenum oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide), nitrogen (when ignited), silicon dioxide powder + heat, polytetrafluoroethylene powder + heat. 

---