Carbon number, glycerides

TAG Carbon Number Composition (%) of the High-Melting Glycerides of (HMG) Stick Margarines and Their Polymorphic Form ... 

When the composition of the cocoa butter glycerides is expressed in terms of carbon number, as determined by GLC, a straight-line relationship between the C50 and C54 triglycerides is observed and this can be used to detect adulterated cocoa butters (Padley and Timms, 1980 Fincke, 1980). 

Table 3.143 Free fatty acid and mono-, di- and tri-glycerides (% w/w) of fats according to carbon number (D Alonzo et al, 1982)... 

Glyceride composition is increasingly studied in terms of carbon number obtained by gas chromatography of intact glycerides. Thus the ratio of to glycerides has been proposed as a useful... 

Fig. 15.55. Complex formation between monoacyl-glycerides (MG) and amylose (1) or amylopectin (2) (according to Knightly, 1977). x-axis carbon number of the saturated acyl residue, y-axis tendency of MG to form a complex with amylose or amylopectin (mmole 10 MG/g polysaccharide)...

A shorthand nomenclature is in common use to designate simple glycerides separated in this way the total number of carbon atoms in the aliphatic chains of the compounds (but not in the glycerol moiety) are calculated and this figure is used to denote the compound. As an example, tristearin, triolein and trilinolein are referred to as C54 triacylglycerols or as having a carbon number of 54. 

The fatty acids occur in nature chiefly as glycerides see fats), which constitute the most important part of the fats and oils, and as esters of other alcohols, the waxes. The naturally occurring fatty acids are mostly the normal straight-chain acids with an even number of carbon atoms. 

Acetogenins. Consistent with expectations based on the nature of the cotton plant, a number of fatty acids and related compounds have been characterized as components. Table I lists those which have been reported and which contain at least twelve carbon atoms in the linear chain. Much of such material is found in the seeds and in the waxes of the leaves and much is tied up as glyceride or as sterol ester W. Of these fatty acids, palmitic... 

The cross-sections of the saturated acids do not vary much, but the length increases with the number of atoms in the carbon chain, as would be expected from Langmuir s theory. The alcohol has a somewhat greater cross-section than the acids. The cross-section of the glycerides is about three times as great as that of the acids from which they are derived, a fact easily explained on the supposition that the three- acidic chains in each case lie side by side, occupying as much area on the water as if they were in separate acid molecules. 

Fig. 2 Chromatogram of underivatized Palmist Oil Elaesis guineensis L.) triacylglyceridic fraction using HT-HRCC. Condition fused-silica capillary column (25 m X 0.25 mm X 0.1 /rm) with the stationary phase OV-17-OH (50% phenyl, 50% methylpolysiloxane immobilized phase). Temperature condition column at 350°C isothermic injector 360°C FID detector 380°C. T is the number of the underivatized triacil-glyceride (e.g., T50 means a triacylglyceride having 50 carbon atoms).

Since a prominent charge site is absent in the glyceride species, the structure of FA substituent(s) significantly contributes to their ionization, particularly in the case of sodium adducts [10]. Therefore, the instrument response factors for ionization of these glyceride species as ammonium and alkaline adducts are apparently very different, depending on both the number of carbon atoms and of double bonds in the FA chains [10],... 

According to Figure 9.3, other carbon soiuces such as soapstocks (the water-soluble fraction obtained after the alkaline treatment of vegetable oil extracts), which contains a number of fatty acids, glycerides and phospholipids, produce yields of 25-40% rham-nolipids. This feedstock, unless used as soaps, cannot be easily transformed into methyl esters and bio-based surfactants. Therefore soapstock is still a potential alternative carbon source for biosurfactant production. 

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