Precautions carbon monoxide

The usual precautions must be observed around the high tension electrical equipment supplying power. The carbon monoxide formed, if collected in closed furnaces, is usually handled through blowers, scmbbers, and thence to a pipe transmission system. As calcium carbide exposed to water readily generates acetylene, the numerous cooling sections required must be constandy monitored for leaks. When acetylene is generated, proper precautions must be taken because of explosibiUty of air—acetylene mixtures over a wide range of concentrations (from 2.5 to 82% acetylene by volume) and the dammabiUty of 82—100% mixtures under certain conditions. 

Precautions for handling carbon monoxide in compressed gas cylinders in addition to those given in Table 9.3 include ... 

Cadmium, 118 Capture velocity, 408 Carbon dioxide extinguisher, 223 liquid, 261, 278 physical properties, 262 physiological properties, 151, 152, 264, 279 precautions, 152, 262, 280 sources, 151 Carbon monoxide ... 

The reason for a previously reported explosion during reduction of iron oxide with carbon monoxide is given as the formation of pentacarbonyliron at temperatures between 0 and 150°C. Suitable heating arrangements and precautions will eliminate this hazard. 

Safety aspects. The toxicity of carbon monoxide, methyl iodide, and heavy metals is well known. The safety precautions to be taken for working with CO and high pressures are well recognised. It should be borne in mind that the MAC value for a common substance such as acetic acid is extremely low. 

The carbon monoxide evolved should be led into a hood to avoid the dangers of poisoning and explosion. No difficulties have been encountered at this stage, but precautions are advisable. 

E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company, Wilmington, Del. t Tonawanda Laboratories, Linde Company, Tonawanda, N.Y. t Extreme caution must be exercised in handling nickel carbonyl. The properties of this material and the precautions to be taken in handling it have been described.8 If the reaction is begun promptly, the carbon monoxide evolved will prevent oxygen from entering the reaction flask. 

The reaction is performed in a dry nitrogen atmosphere, but no precautions need be taken during the purification steps. A 1-1., three-necked flask is equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a Glass Col heating mantle. One neck of the flask is fitted with a gas inlet tube which will protrude beneath the surface of the 300 ml. of solvent to be used and is attached to a source of carbon monoxide. The second neck of the flask is fitted with an efficient reflux condenser topped with a T tube, one side of... 

Before introducing the feed, a number of precautions must be observed to eliminate various impurities, such as ammonia, by prior washing with water. The process does not tolerate the presence of high contents of acetylene, H S, methanol, moisture, C3 hydrocarbons etc. However, it allows unlimited quantities of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, argon, methane, ethylene, ethane and carbon dioxide. 

Step 16. The combustion products leave the furnace at 250 C and flow through the chlorine vapor heat exchanger (this stream is the flue gas referred to in Step 3) and then to a flare, where any carbon monoxide and residual hydrocarbons in the gas are burned and the products released to the atmosphere. The flare is a safety precaution if the furnace operates as intended, the CO and hydrocarbon content of the flue gas should be negligible. 

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Eye protection and gloves are recommended. Cetostearyl alcohol is flammable and on combustion may produce fumes containing carbon monoxide. 

Yields from the formamide condensations of 4-aminotriazole-5-carbox-amides were improved by use of fixed-temperature baths maintained (usually) at 220°C, - rather than by relying on the boiling point of formamide, variously given as 195 and 210°C, but actually masked by the copious escape of ammonia and carbon monoxide. Thanks to this precaution, the yield of 9-benzyl-8-azapurin-6-one, for example, was raised from 77 to 95% ... 

Not everyone wants to use carbon monoxide and a more convenient, though equally deadly, one-carbon reagent is cyanide ion. This does not require the high pressures often needed to make CO react.39 Cyanide forms stable ate complexes 247 with boranes and we shall use two different alkenes to illustrate this possibility. Thexyl borane 227 is essential for reaction with two different alkenes and it is better to use the more hindered alkene first. These precautions lead to a more selective reaction with the first alkene. 

Caution. This synthesis should be performed in a very efficient hood and the pressure bottle should be adequately shielded. Carbon monoxide is a highly toxic, colorless, odorless gas, and precautions must be taken to avoid exposure to this gas. 

As with all catalysts, palladium and its alloys are susceptible to poisoning [69]. Catalysts must be designed with resistance to poisoning, and proper precautions must be taken to minimize exposure of the membranes to catalyst poisons [69]. Typical poisons for palladium include H2S and other compounds of sulfur such as carbon disulfide (CS2), carbonyl sulfide (COS), aromatic thiophenes and mercap-tans (thiols, R-SH). Palladium is poisoned by the Group VA elements, P, As, Sb and Bi, the halides (Cl, Br, I), and Si, Pb and Hg. Alkenes and unsaturated organic compounds can poison palladium as can elemental carbon deposited from decomposition of carbonaceous materials. Carbon monoxide in high concentrations and at low temperatures can form a monolayer which blocks adsorption and dissociation of molecular hydrogen. Carbon monoxide can also decompose to produce car-... 

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