Handling of carbon monoxide

All these syntheses require long reaction times and tedious handling of carbon monoxide during crucial steps such as filtration. In our hands, the low-pressure procedures afforded yields of isolated Rh4(CO)i2 in the range 55-60%, as previously reported by Cattermole and Osborne rather than 90% as claimed by Chini and co-workers. " We have developed a straightforward and easy method to prepare Rh4(CO)i2 with yields hi er than 90%. It involves the in situ generation of the key species [RhCl2(CO)2] which is reduced by CO in the presence of disodium citrate. 

Of all the safety procedures required for the safe handling of carbon monoxide, the buddy system must not be overlooked. Always have at least two persons knowledgeable about carbon monoxide in the operating area. 

CGA P-13, Safe Handling of Carbon Monoxide, Compressed Gas Association, Inc., 1235 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202. 

The molybdenum hexacarbonyl complex was recently introduced as a condensed source of carbon monoxide for Heck carbonylations [29]. This easily handled and inexpensive solid delivers a fixed amount of carbon monoxide when heated to approxi-... 

Caution. Due to the toxicity of mercury compounds, both starting materials and products must be handled with care to avoid any skin contact. Due to the toxicity of carbon monoxide gas, this reaction must also be carried out in a well-ventilated hood. 

The Consolidated Edison test results, as shown in Table VI, indicated complete suitability of SRC-II coal liquids as a high quality boiler fuel. No operational problems were encountered and no deposits were observed. Combustion efficiency was comparable to that for the low-sulfur No. 6 fuel oil, as were the levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Modifications to burner equipment required to handle the SRC-II fuel oil are considered to be no more extensive than those required for similar variations in petroleum fuels. Particulate emissions for the SRC-II fuel oil were generally lower than for the No. 6 fuel oil, and were in all cases below the new source performance standards proposed by EPA (0.03 lbs/MM Btu). 

Caution. All operations must be carried out in an efficient fume hood, due to the poisonous nature of carbon monoxide. Use care when handling Ca//2 and avoid flame. 

AstraZeneca published the use of an immobilized transition metal carbonyl complex as a catalyst in the Pauson-Khand reaction [67]. This reaction is known to produce useful products but it also suffers from a number of drawbacks dicobalt octacarbonyl and its analogs are volatile, toxic, and unstable due to loss of carbon monoxide and aerial oxidation. These drawbacks can be avoided by the use of an immobilized metal carbonyl complex (Scheme 13), which is safe and convenient to handle (see also [68]). It offers the additional advantages of being reusable after recovery from the reaction medium and the product becomes less contaminated with metal carbonyl remnants. The reaction was applicable to a wide range of substrates with the exception of tetra-substituted alkenes. A typical reaction of enine 32 to the bicyclic enone 33 is depicted in Scheme 13. 

Caution. In handling carbon monoxide it shotdd always be borne in mind that this gas is extremely poisonous. Since it is odorless, it gives no warning of its presence. All work with carbon monoxide should therefore be carried out under a well-ventilated hood. A convenient way to dispose of carbon monoxide is to insert the exit tube into the air inlet at the base of a lighted Meker burner.)... 

Becanse of its toxic, flammable, and gaseous nature, carbon monoxide should be handled using the "basic prudent practices" of Chapter 5.C, supplemented by the additional precautions for work with flammable compounds (Chapter 5.F) and for work at high pressure (Chapter 5.H). In particular, cylinders of carbon monoxide shonld be stored and used in a continuously ventilated gas cabinet or fume hood. Local fire codes should be reviewed for limitations on quantity and storage requirements. 

Treatment of Fe CO)2 NO)2 either with sodium amalgam in tetrahydro-furan or with potassium hydroxide 8). In any of the preparations of [Fe(CO)3 NO]- from Fe(CO)2(NO)2, it is impossible for more than two-thirds of the iron to be converted to the [Fe(CO)3NO] anion due to the fact that a species with three carbon monoxides per iron atom is being formed from a species with only two carbon monoxides per iron atom without the addition of carbon monoxide. This theoretical limitation on the yield as well as the necessity for preparing and handling the unstable Fe(CO)2(NO)2 make this one of the least desirable methods for preparing [Fe(CO)3NO]-. 

HCo(CO)4 is a toxic, malodorous, unstable gas. It is unstable at room temperature unless handled under a stream of carbon monoxide. Its mode of decomposition appears to be dependent on its surroundings (227). In a... 

Materials selected for handling liquid carbon monoxide must be suitable for use at cryogenic temperatures. Refer to the applicable sections of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and ANSI/ASME B31.3, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping [3, 8]. Also see CGA P-12, Safe Handling of Cryogenic Liquids [9]. 

Almost all catalytic converters have to contend with the decay or poisoning of the catalyst In some form and the catalytic monolith Is no exception. Indeed this Is notorious In the automotive application where the catalytic converter must survive 50,000 miles of operation and still perform adequately. Although we shall use the kinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation over a platinum catalyst as an obvious and Important example, our main objective Is to develop a model which can handle any catalyst decay question and to point out the differences In two types of poisoning. Thus our study comes within the third main division of the subject as laid out by Butt (1 ) In 1972 not the mechanism or rate determination but the effect of deactivation on the operation of the reactor. 

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