Carbon monoxide polymers

Norrish type I chemistry is claimed to be responsible for about 15% of the chain scission of ethylene—carbon monoxide polymers at room temperature, whereas at 120°C it promotes 59% of the degradation. Norrish I reactions are independent of temperature and oxygen concentration at temperatures above the T of the polymer (50). 

Quantum, by contrast, converted an ethylene—carbon monoxide polymer into a polyester-containing terpolymer by treatment with acidic hydrogen peroxide, the Baeyer-Villiger reaction (eq. 11). Depending on the degree of conversion to polyester, the polymer is totally or partially degraded by a biological mechanism. 

Photodegradation may involve use of inherently photo-unstable polymers or the use of photodegradant additives. An example of the former are ethylene-carbon monoxide polymers in which absorption of light by the ketone group leads to chain scission. The polymer becomes brittle and forms a powder. Such materials are marketed by Dow and by Du Pont. Other examples are the copolymers of divinyl ketone with ethylene, propylene or styrene marketed by Eco Atlantic. 

Other uses of blends include controlled rate of fertilizer release(77) based on ethylene/vinyl acetate/carbon monoxide polymers which is U.V. sensitive, polyolefin blends with any biodegradable polymers,(78) and polyolefins blended with metals and autoxidizable substrates. (79) Doane and co-workers(80) at the U.S.D.A. have used grafted starches in many applications, including soil stabilization. 

Starkweather, H., Olefin-Carbon Monoxide Polymers , in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Wiley-Interscience, John Wiley Sons, New York, 1987, Vol. 10, pp. 369-373. 

Polymer Photochemistry. The occurrence of these reactions in polymeric ketones was first demonstrated by Guillet and Norrish (6, 7), who studied poly (methyl vinyl ketone) in solution and showed that the main features of the photodegradation could be accounted for quantitatively on the basis of Type I and Type II reactions. The conclusion was later confirmed by Wissbrun (13). Recent studies of the ethylene-carbon monoxide polymer (9) confirm that both Type I and Type II reactions occur. The Type I reaction results in the formation of two polymer radicals, one of which is an acyl radical which may subsequently decarbonyl-ate (Reaction 4). 

The authors express their appreciation to the National Research Council of Canada, Dunlop Research Ltd., Tennessee Eastman Co., and the Paint Research Institute for financial assistance. The Tennessee Eastman Co. kindly supplied samples of ethylene-carbon monoxide polymers and 2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxybenzophenone. 

Similar to the poly(olefin-a/f-carbon monoxide), polymers alternating styrene or a substituted styrene unit and CO also are reported in literature [7], The idealized structure of these types of polymers is shown below ... 

The new family of thermoplastic, perfectly alternating olefin/carbon monoxide polymers provides a superior balance of performance properties not found in other commercial materials. The first commercial polymer will be an ethyl-ene/propene/CO terpolymer which will be marketed by Shell under the trade-name Carilon . 

The copolymerization of ethylene and carbon monoxide to give alternating copolymers has attracted considerable interest in both academia and industry over recent decades [1, 2]. Attention was focused on aliphatic polyketones such as poly(3-oxotrimethylene) (1) because of the low cost and plentiful availability of the simple monomers. The new family of thermoplastic, perfectly alternating olefin/ carbon monoxide polymers commercialized by Shell provides a superior balance of performance properties not found in other commercial materials the an ethylene/ propene/CO terpolymer is marketed by Shell imder the tradename Carilon . About the history of polyketones see Refs. [3-11],... 

Shell is already producing ethylene/carbon monoxide polymers using a palladium-based SSC by a slurry phase process. BP and GE are working on similar technologies for the production of E/CO polymers. Norbornene and other cyclic olefins are very interesting and potentially low cost monomers that could be... 

Ethylene-carbon monoxide polymers offer superior performance as high-strength fibres for aramide tyre cord, but at a significantly lower cost. Their structure is more compatible with rubber than steel, polyester, or PA tyre reinforcements. 

Slivinskas, J.A. and GuiUet, J.E., y-Radiolysis of ketone polymers. 111. Copolymers of ethylene and carbon monoxide,/. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 12,1469,1974. 

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