Carbon electrodes oxygen electroreduction

Kobayashi N, Nishiyama Y. 1984. Catalytic electroreduction of molecular oxygen at glassy carbon electrodes with immobilized iron porphyrins containing zero, one, or four amino groups. J Electroanal Chem 181 107. 

The electrochemical intercalation of Li was studied for carbon electrodes modified by the 2Co-Ni complex, which showed the best effect in the reaction of oxygen electroreduction. Galvanostatic charge-discharge technique (PC governed automatic bench) in 2016 coin type cells was used for this purpose. 

The electroreduction of oxygen in alkali occurs readily at carbon electrodes. Currently used electrodes are a graphite fiber trickle-bed/perforated bipole reactor, operated at U.B.C (University of British Columbia) [210,211] a com-... 

An ambitious review of carbon applications in chemical power sources (see also Section 5.3.5) was offered by Fialkov [94], It is disconcerting, however, that the author discusses the influence exerted by... surface properties without citing even one of the well-known—or well-cited or more recent—studies on carbon surface chemistry. And yet, in conjunction with the use of carbon in air (oxygen) electrodes, he speculates that the oxygen electroreduction kinetics depend on... the degree to which side faces of carbon crystallites are developed because base groups are formed there and presumably interact (e.g., with HjOj) in the following manner ... 

Which course oxygen reduction takes depends upon the electrolyte media, its composition, and the electrode used. Kinetic and mechanistic studies on the electroreduction of oxygen have been performed in both acidic [25-31], and alkaline media [31-38] using different metals as well as various types of carbon electrodes. Studies on the production of hydrogen peroxide in significant amounts by the electroreduction of oxygen have been done using carbon cathodes in alkaline electrolytes (i.e. reaction (7)). 

Fig. 16.5 Oxygen electroreduction on 3 and 7 nm Au nanoclusters in oxygen-saturated 0.5 M KOH. Cyclic voltaminograins (sweep rate 10 mV s ) of Au nanoparticles rai carbon rotating disk electrodes at several rotation speeds (a) 3 and (b) 7 nm clustas. Levich plots of the voltammogram data (the currents at —0.6 V were used) (c) 3 and (d) 7 nm clusters (extracted from [33])...

Alexeyeva, N., Shulga, E., Kisand, V., Kink, L, and Tammeveski, K. (2010) Electroreduction of oxygen on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrodes in acid and alkaline solutions. J. Bectroanal. Chem., 648, 169-175. 

Other conducting polymers can be investigated as supports for dispersing catalytic metallic particles. Shan and Pickup [21] used a composite of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) to disperse Pt particles. They compared the performances of such electrodes with carbon-supported Pt for the electroreduction of oxygen, and they found similar exchange... 

Salimi, A., Banks, C.E., and Compton, R.G. (2003). Ultrasonic effects on the electroreduction of oxygen at a glassy carbon anthraquinone-modified electrode. The Koutecky-Levich equation applied to insonated electrocatalytic reactions. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, 3988-93. 

Oxygen Electrocatalytic Properties Oxygen Reduction. Figure 8 compares steady-state polarization curves for the electroreduction of Op on a typical pyrochlore catalyst, Pb2(Rui.42Pbo.53)06.5 15 w/o platinum on carbon. The latter was considered representative of conventional supported noble metal electrocatalysts. The activities of both catalysts are quite comparable. While the electrodes were not further optimized, their performance was close to the state of the art, considering that currents of 1000 ma/cm could be recorded, at a relatively moderate temperature (75 C) and alkali concentration (3M KOH). Also, the voltages were not corrected for electrolyte resistance. The particle size of the platinum on the carbon support was of the order of 2 nanometers, as measured by transmission electron microscopy. 

To create a fast and simple method for monitoring of human exposure to neuropathic OPs, a principal new approach to NTE activity analysis has been developed in joint study of the Institite of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Acad. Sci. and Chemical Department of Moscow State University [88,91,92], Recently, a new biosensor for NTE assay was introduced using a tyrosinase carbon-paste electrode to detect phenol produced by the hydrolysis of phenyl valerate. In this type biosensor phenol is quantified by measuring electroreduction of the generated o-quinone on a graphite electrode (Fig. 6) [88,91 ]. The tyrosinase carbon-paste electrode improved the sensitivity of the NTE assay 10-fold compared to the colorimetric method or an earlier amperometric technique based on oxygen detection [92]. Moreover, the new electrode operates in a... 

Platinum and silver are aetive eatalysts in reaetion of electroreduction of oxygen. However wide use of such catalysts is limited by their high cost and deficiency. Several types of catalysts for oxygen (air) electrodes have been elaborated and investigated in Laboratory of Fuel Cells. They are activated by carbon (coal)-pure and modified, promoted by soot, complex oxides of transition metals, especially by nickel-cobalt spinel [3,4]. 

Jurmann G, Tammeveski K. Electroreduction of oxygen on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes in alkaline solution. / Jifectroana/ Chem 2006 597 119-26. 

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