Detection carbon dioxide

Several methods exist for the determination of carbon dioxide, but only a limited number have been applied in seawater DOC determinations. 

With the conductivity cell as described by Ehrhardt (1976), the change in conductivity of a stream of dilute sodium hydroxide solution is related to the mass of carbon dioxide absorbed. Disadvantages to this method include the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and the potential for interference from compounds other than carbon dioxide, which must be removed from the gas stream. Flame ionisation detector (FID) systems measure methane, which results from the reduction of the carbon dioxide in the gas stream from the DOC analyser by an in-line reductor. Whilst FID systems have a wide dynamic range, and good sensitivity, additional gases are required in the analysis, and the hydrogen used for the flame is explosive. A colorimetric technique described by Schreurs (1978) relies on the partial neutralisation of an acid solution by the carbon dioxide. The neutralization is followed by the change in absorbance of a coloured phenolphthalein solution. The technique is compatible with autoanalyser systems it is not as sensitive as the other techniques mentioned here. 

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Mabbit, Allen, and Andrew Parker. Methane, and Carbon Dioxide Detection Using LED Sources. Sensor Rev. 16 (1996), pp. 38-41. 

When the nitrogen atom of a pyridine is sufficiently nucleophilic, for example 3-cyano- (pK 1.45) but not 3-bromopyridine (pATa 0.9), attack occurs at the triple bond of the ester.238 The reaction can be very vigorous and, if carried out at - 60° in ether, pyridine itself appears to yield the zwitterion 1 which can be trapped by carbon dioxide. No direct physical evidence has been obtained for 1 and the first product detectable by low-temperature NMR measurements is the 9a//-quinolizine 5.239 Both geometrical forms of the betaine (2) have been isolated, and, at 0° in chloroform, decomposition to carbon dioxide, detected by its absorption at 2335 cm-1, and a red tar, occur rapidly. Treatment of the betaines with aqueous perchloric acid at its freezing point, however,... 

Jones WD, Cayirlioglu P, Kadow IG, Vosshall LB. Two chemosen-sory receptors together mediate carbon dioxide detection in Drosophila. Nature 2007 445 86-90. 

Jones WD, Cayirlioglu P, Kadow IG, Vosshall LB (2007) Two chemosensory receptors together mediate carbon dioxide detection in Drosophila. Nature 445 86-90 Kaas JH (2005) The future of mapping sensory cortex in primates three of many remaining issues. Philos Trans R Soc Ixrnd B 360 653-664... 

Bruce, W.A. and Street, M.W., Jr. 1974. Infrared carbon dioxide detection of hidden insects. J. Georgia Entomol. Soc. 9, 260-265. 

The SiC FET devices as high-temperature gas sensors are commercially available in sensor systems for combustion control in small- and medium-scale power plants. Recent research and development which started in 2009 has realized tailor-made sensing layers for oxygen and carbon dioxide detection. Smart sensor operation using only one sensor may detect the NOj... 

Solid-state sensors for carbon dioxide detection... 

Solid-state sensors for carbon dioxide detection 515 (a) (b)... 

Herran, I, Mandayo, G.G. and Castano, E. (2008), SoUd state gas sensor for fast carbon dioxide detection . Sensors and Actuators B Chemical, 129,2,705-9. 

These results therefore indicate that the carbon dioxide detected in the respirometric experiment in the soil containing flask supplemented with PVAc-containing D film, can be attributed only to the microbial assimilation of low molecular weight polyols and PVA. 

These schemes make it possible to elucidate the formation routes for acetylene, ketones and carbon dioxide detected among the thermal degradation products of PET. 

TOC GD-carbon dioxide detection Spectrophotometry/ infrared spectrometry 10- -10 moir Photochemical oxidation... 

GD-carbon dioxide detection BAWIS 10- -2x10 moir Wet chemical oxidation... 

Herrdn J, Femindez-Gonzalez O, Castro-Huitado 1, Romero T, Ga Mandayo G, Castano E (2010) Photoactivated sohd-state gas sensor for carbon dioxide detection at room temperature. Sens Actuators B 149 368-372 Hibino T, Kuwahara Y, Wang S, KaMmoto S, Sano M (1998) Nonideal electromotive force of zirconia sensors for unsaturated hydrocarbon gases. Electrochem Soc Lett 1(4) 197-199 Hibino T, Kakimoto S, Sano M (1999) Non-Nemstian behavior at modified Au electrodes for hydrocarbon gas sensing. J Electrochem Soc 146 3361-3366... 

Wilhelm A. A., Boussard-Pledel C., Coulombier Q., Lucas J., Bureau B., and Lucas P., Development of far-infrared-transmitting Te based glasses suitable for carbon dioxide detection and space optics. Adv. Mater. [Weinheim, Gen), 19, 3796-3800 (2007). 

Pyruvate is the natural metabolic substrate in the mitochondria for the citric acid cycle. In 2009, Sokic-Lazic and Minteer incorporated the enzymes for the entire citric acid cycle onto an electrode to completely oxidize pyruvate to carbon dioxide (detected by C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), thereby releasing more electrons [94]. The fuel cell had a current density of 3.92 mA cm and a power density of 0.93 mW cm. Later, in 2010, Moehlenbrock et al. used citric acid cycle enzymes, cross-linked in vivo, to produce a metabolon formation for greater efficiency of the oxidation pathway [12]. The power density reached 24.14 pW cm and had a current density of... 

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