Anthropogenic carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas within the atmosphere. Water vapour is a greater contributor to the natural greenhouse effect (55-70% of the total radiative absorption compared to COj s 25%). However, the large inherent variability in atmospheric water vapour compared to the anthropogenically... 

A substantial portion of fhe gas and vapors emitted to the atmosphere in appreciable quantity from anthropogenic sources tends to be relatively simple in chemical structure carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxide from combustion processes hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride from industrial processes. The solvents and gasoline fractions that evaporate are alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics with relatively simple structures. In addition, more complex... 

The use of coal for electricity generation is responsible for about 32% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions in the U S. 11 As shown by France, it is possible to displace virtually all the coal used in electricity generation. Thus, France in 1997 obtained about 78% of its electricity from nuclear power and only about 5% from coal. Further reductions in carbon dioxide emissions could be made by the electrification of other sectors of the energy economy, including buildings, and eventually perhaps much of transportation. 

Arrhenius recognized that carbon dioxide released from anthropogenic sources, primarily the burning of coal, would contribute to... 

Infrared (IR) active gases, like water vapor (H20), carbon dioxide (C02), ozone (03), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 (CC13F) and CFC-12 (CC12F2) naturally and anthropogenically present in the Earth s atmosphere, absorb thermal IR radiation emitted by the Earth s surface and atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the atmospheric greenhouse effect , and the IR active... 

All of this suggests the conclusion that Arctic waters remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Therefore, once again a detailed study of this process is needed before a global model of carbon cycle can be specified, thereby improving the accuracy of estimation of the greenhouse effect due to emissions of anthropogenic... 

Flux Hf reflects anthropogenic interference with the global cycle of carbon dioxide. The formation of industrial C02 can be described rather precisely as follows ... 

Figure 6.14. Forecasting the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere obtained under different anthropogenic scenarios 1 Keeling and Bacastow pessimistic scenario 2 Bjorkstrom optimistic scenario 3 IPCC scenario 4 Kondratyev realistic scenario. The ordinate A = Ca(t)/Ca(1900).

It is clear that the observed increase in carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere cannot be explained by anthropogenic causes only. We need to bear in mind that the changeability of GHG biogeochemical cycles is a complex function of numerous parameters controlled by the NSS. Unfortunately, there is no reliable information about the correlations between many of them. This fact is admitted by experts in IPCC (2007). 

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