Atmosphere greenhouse effects

Ramanathan, V., and A. M. Vogelmann, Atmospheric Greenhouse Effect, Excess Solar Absorption and the Radiation Budget From the Arrhenius/Langley Era to the 1990s, Ambio, 26, 38-46 (1997). 

Infrared (IR) active gases, like water vapor (H20), carbon dioxide (C02), ozone (03), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 (CC13F) and CFC-12 (CC12F2) naturally and anthropogenically present in the Earth s atmosphere, absorb thermal IR radiation emitted by the Earth s surface and atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the atmospheric greenhouse effect , and the IR active... 

The problem of monitoring and predicting the dynamics of the ozone layer is just as important as the problem of the atmospheric greenhouse effect (Varotsos and... 

If the enhancement of the atmospheric greenhouse effect due to supposed doubling of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is about 4 W m 2, then the uncertainties about the climate-forming role of atmospheric aerosols and clouds in numerical climate modeling reach tens or even hundreds of Wm 2. 

Since TO is a greenhouse gas, emissions of it can indirectly affect the formation of atmospheric greenhouse effect by influencing the TO concentration field. Moreover, MGC/TO precursors change the hydroxyl concentration field and, hence, the oxidation power of the troposphere. In its turn, the distribution of hydroxyl concentration in the troposphere controls the lifetime and, thus, the level of concentration of methane at the global scale. 

Such a complicated interactivity of processes can both directly and indirectly affect formation of the atmospheric greenhouse effect. Derwent et al. (2001) described a global 3-D Lagrangian chemistry transport model (STOCHEM) which reproduces chemical processes including MGC transport and can be used to reproduce interrelated fields of TO and methane concentration (Johnson et al., 2002) under conditions of emission to the atmosphere of short-lived TO precursors such as CH4, CO, NOx, and hydrogen. At the same time, the radiative forcing (RF) of NOx emissions depends on the location of emissions near the surface or in the upper troposphere, in the Northern or Southern Hemisphere. For each short-lived MGC/... 

Kondratyev K.Ya. and Varotsos C. (1995). Atmospheric greenhouse-effect in the context of global climate-change. Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica C Geophysics and Space Physics, 18(2), 123-151. 

MV across electrodes 50 mm apart without breakdown, and at 10 bars it is used for high-power underground electrical transmission systems at 400 V and above. However, there is now some environmental concern at its use as an electrical transformer fluid and as an inert blanketing gas in magnesium metal casting, since even minute amounts may contribute to an atmospheric greenhouse effect (it is 6800 times as potent as CO2). 

Inamdar, A. K. and Ramanathan, V. (1998). Tropical and global scale interactions among water vapor, atmospheric greenhouse effect, and surkice temperature.7 GVop/iys. Res. 103(D24), 32177-32194. 

Some of the trace gases such as CO2, N2O and CH4 considered in this study contribute to the atmospheric greenhouse effect by their absorption of terrestrial thermal radiation [11]. 

Air pollution is caused by the domestic and industrial burning of carbonaceous fuels, by industrial processes, and by car exhausts. Among recent problems are industrial emissions of sulfur(IV) oxide causing acid rain, and the release into the atmosphere of chlorofluorocarbons, used in refrigeration, aerosols, etc., has been linked to the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere. Carbon dioxide, produced by burning fuel and by car exhausts, is slowly building up in the atmosphere, which could result in an overall increase in the temperature of the atmosphere (greenhouse effect). Car exhausts also contain carbon monoxide and lead. The former has... 

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