Carbon decadal variability

Pa PACE PAGES PAHO PALE PAR PARCS PBL PCM PDV PhA PIK PIRA PIRATA POC POLDER Partial pressure in the atmosphere Permafrost And Climate in Europe Pilot Analysis of Global EcoSystems Pan American Health Organization Paleoclimates of Arctic Lakes and Estuaries Photosynthetic Active Radiation Paleoenvironmental ARCtic Science Planetary Boundary Layer Parallel Climate Model Pacific Decadal Variability Phytogenic Aerosol Potsdam-Institut fur Klimafolgenforschung Petroleum Industry Research Associates Pilot Research moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic Permanganate Oxidizable Carbon POLarization and Directionality of the Earth s Reflectances Princeton Ocean Model... 

Potter C. Klooster S. Tan P. Steinbach M. Kumar V. and Genovese V. (2005). Variability in terrestrial carbon sinks over two decades Part 2—Eurasia. Global and Planetary Change, 49(3-4), 177-186. 

An Overview. During the past decade, much work has been reported ii.volving attempts to activate methane and convert it to ethylene and other higher hydrocarbons. Two main routes have been proposed. The first involves passing methane at high temperatures (800 c+) over transition metal oxides at variable oxidation states. The oxides are reduced to lower valence oxides, and the methane is oxidatively dehydrogenated and coupled to form ethane and ethylene as well as water and carbon dioxide. 

The orientation of elimination is greatly influenced by the choice of the leaving group, the substituents at the alpha and beta carbons and the base and solvent. Investigators usually keep two of these variables constant whilst changing the third and a discussion of the relevant factors is most conveniently approached in this way. Often conclusions are reached from measurements of the olefin proportions only. Occasionally more certain deductions are possible when both product study and rate data at several temperatures are reported. The advent of vapour-phase chromatography in the last decade has enabled easier and more certain analysis of product mixtures, and with due respect to the earlier pioneers in this field, who had to use more primitive techniques, the most reliable results have been derived in more recent years. 

Lignin is part of the composition of natural polymers in variable proportions. The aromatic structure of the lignin can be used as source of several phenolic products, which may substitute petroleum-based compounds. Bio-based composites have gained prominence over the past two decades owing to both environmental concerns and waste disposal problems. Lignin-based biomaterials include carbon fibers, polymer modifiers, resin/adhesives/binders and others. 

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