Electrodes carbon cloth

E. Ayranci, B.E. Conway, Adsorption and electrosorption of ethyl xanthate and thiocyanate anions at high-area carbon-cloth electrodes studied by in situ UV spectroscopy development of procednres for wastewater pnrification. Anal. Chem., 73, 1181-1189 (2001). 

Farahmandi C, Dispennette J, Blank E, Kolb A. Maxwell Technologies. Multi-electrode double layer capacitor having single electrolyte seal and aluminium-impregnated carbon cloth electrodes. US patent /1996/000726728. 

Matsunaga, T., Nakasono, S., Takamura, T., Burgess, J.G., Nakamura, N. and Sode, K. (1992a) Disinfection of drinking water by using a novel electrochemical reactor employing carbon-cloth electrodes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 686-689. 

Matsunaga et al. studied the disinfection of drinking water at room temperature using Escherichia coli as a model microorganism. As shown in Fig. 7, the carbon cloth electrodes were interwoven with ion exchange membranes and rolled around a glass tube [32]. At an applied potential of 0.7 V vs. SCE, an initial cell suspension of 10 cells/dm was reduced to <10 cells/dm at a residence time of 10 min. The disinfection was thought to be based on the electrochemical oxidation of intracellular coenzyme A. 

Fig. 7. Electrochemical sterilization reactor used for drinking water disinfection (I) feedwater (2) glass jar (3) carbon-cloth electrode (4) SCE (5) ion exchange membrane, (6) treated water. (Adapted from [32]).

Fig. 20. Single PEFC H2/air performance with catalyzed carbon cloth electrodes of 0.45 mgPt/cm including catalyst layer with 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst and 50 nm thick film of sputtered Pt lower curve - 50°C, 1/1 atm middle curve - 50°C, 3/5 atm upper curve - 80°C, 3/5 atm [37]. (Reprinted by permission of Elsevier Science)...

Pt/C/Teflon Catalyst Layer on Carbon Cloth Electrode Hot Pressed to MeirUirane 0.5 mg/cm ... 

The second electrolyser was a research unit assembled for SRNL by the University of South Carolina (USC). It was constructed with platinised carbon cloth electrodes, a Nafion 115 PEM electrolyte, carbon paper flow fields, solid graphite back plates, copper current collectors and stainless steel end plates. The USC electrolyser had an active cell area of 40 cm and a Pt catalyst loading of 0.5 mg/ cm (only one-eighth that of the commercial cell). The carbon-based configuration proved to be much more corrosive resistant than the commercial-type electrolyzer. A photograph of the two electrolyzer units is shown in Figure 3. 

For these catalysts, formate production is found to occur at a rate of ca. 0.2 turnovers/min at -1.55V using a carbon cloth electrode with an initial current efficiency of >8051. The system slowly degrades by two routes, one which leads to the production of an intermediate that is catalytic toward evolution from... 

Chen,Y.-C., Hsu,Y.-K., Lin,Y.-G., Lin,Y.-K., Horng,Y.-Y, Chen, L.-C., Chen, K.-H., 2011. Highly flexible supercapacitors with manganese oxide nanosheet/carbon cloth electrode. Electrochim. Acta 56,... 

DHB-modified carbon cloth electrodes (C-DHBs) were manufactured by the modification of a Spectracarb 2225 carbon cloth. This cloth was immersed into 0.25 M HCl and then 4-aminocatechol and water (8 ml) were added. This was followed by the cooling in an ice bath and slow addition of 3 M NaN02. After that, the modified cloth was washed by deionized water and dried in air. 

FIG U RE 2.3 Ragone plots for the fully charged carbon-cloth electrode for various constant currents as marked on the figure for four electrolyte eoncentrations 0.01 M ( ), 0.05 M ( ), 0.5 M (A), and 5 M (t). (Reprinted from Journal of Power Sources, 156, Niu, J., W. G. Pell, and B. E. Conway, Requirements for performance characterization of C double-layer supercapacitors Applications to a high specific-area C-cloth material, 725-740, Copyright 2006, with permission from Elsevier.)... 

Stepniak, L, and A. Ciszewski. 2010. Grafting effect on the wetting and electrochemical performance of carbon cloth electrode and polypropylene separator in electric double layer capacitor. Journal of Power Sources 195 5130-5137. 

Carbon nanotube modified carbon cloth electrodes Characterisation and application as biosensors, Electrochim. Acta, 85, pp. 203-209. 

Fig. 15.7 (a) Fuel cell performance at 50 °C, anode 0.5 mg cm Pt prefabricated carbon cloth electrode cathode 0.5 mg cm transition-metal carbon paper electrode. With (filled circle) Pt/C (filled triangle) Au/C and (filled square) Ag/C. The open symbols represent the Fceu versus i plot, and the filled symbols represent the Pceu versus i plot, (b) iR-corrected Pceii and area resistance plots against log i for (filled circle) Pt/C, (filled triangle) Au/C, and (filled square) Ag/C measured using EIS during fuel cell test with H2/O2 at 50 °C. Filled symbol represents iR-corrected Fceu> and open symbols represent area resistance data [40]... 

The MoBio PowerBiofilm DNA Isolation Kit includes detailed schematics and protocols for beginning and experienced users. The following is a summary of this protocol including some notes on the basis of our experience with DNA extraction from carbon cloth electrodes [23]. 

Each of these electrodes have some advantages and disadvantages. The carbon paper electrode are more expensive than the carbon cloth electrodes. Efforts to reduce the cost of this component has been reported by Rajalakshmi et al. (2005). Evolution of the preparation method of PEMFC electrodes is described by Antolini (2004). 

The optimum electrolyte composition for the highest conductivity ( 10 S/cm) was found to be that of the gel electrolytes containing 10 wt% lithium perchlorate with respect to the mass of the polymer. The specific capacitances at 10 mHz were up to 35 and 5.5 F/g respectively for the composite and carbon-cloth electrodes. The phase angle for the capacitors with carbon-composite electrodes was found to be closer to the ideal value of 90° than that of the capacitors using the carbon-cloth electrodes. This illustrated that a better electrode-electrolyte contact was established with the composite electrodes compared to that with the carbon cloth. 

The galvanostatic charge/discharge performance of the carbon-composite electrodes declined after 500 cycles, unlike that of the carbon-cloth electrodes. Passivation or other interfacial effects were attributed to the decline of the composite electrode. However, the carbon-composite electrode was observed to retain 80% of its original capacitance after 1000 cycles. 

G.M. Olyveira, J.H. Kim, M.V.A. Martins, R.M. lost, K.N. Chaudhari, J.-S. Yu and F.N. Crespilho, Flexible carbon cloth electrode modified by hollow core-mesoporous shell carbon as a novel efficient bio-anode for biofuel cell, /. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 12,2012,356-360. 

From the galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles, it is inferred that the carbon cloth electrode without p)u ol5dic carbon coating could offer 1.34 eq. of reversible Li intercalation/de-intercalation capacity and 0.71 eq. of irreversible capacity. With the lamellar pyrolytic carbon coating (using propene as... 

Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles for carbon cloth electrodes coated with carbon by (a) propylene, (b) cellulose. (Reprinted with permission from Carbon, 43, F. Beguin et al.. Correlation of the irreversible lithium capacity with the active surface area of modified carbons, 2005,2160-2167 Copyright 2005, Elsevier.)... 

An example of a Nyquist plot obtained under these conditions is shown in Fig. 4,4 for a range of 10 to 0.005 Hz with sinusoidal perturbation of 10 mV amplitude Logan et al. 2007) The ohmic resistance of the brush electrode was Rn= 8 Q, but it was Rn = 31 Q for a carbon cloth electrode (cube MFCs with 4 cm spacing in 200 mM PBS). Additional details of this method can be found in Bard and Faulkner (2001). 

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