Carbon boiling

Reaction with sodium carbonate. Boil about 0 5 g. of 0- and of />-nitrophenol in turn with Na2C03 solution, using the method described in Section 5, p. 336, and note the evolution of CO2. 

Commercial o-clilorobenzoic acid may be purified in the following niannor. Dissolve 60 g. of the technical acid in 200 ml. of hot water containing 20 g. of sodium carbonate, d 10 g. of decolourising carbon, boil for 15 minutes, and filter at the pump. Add the filtrate with stirring to 31 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid diluted with an equal volume of water. Collect the purified acid with suction, wash it with a little cold water, and dry at 100°. 

Lower Carbon Upper Carbon Boiling Point Boiling Point ... 

Nickel powder combines with carbon dioxide in ammonia solution forming nickel carbonate. Boiling the solution to expel ammonia precipitates pure carbonate, NiCOs. 

Precipitate with aq. ammonia. Evaporate the soln. down to about 100 c.c., and filter the ot liquid so as to remove calcium sulphate. The cone. soln. is sat. with ammonium alum and allowed to stand for some time. The mixed crystals of potassium, rubidium, and oeesium alums and of lithium salt are dissolved in 100 c.c. of distilled water and recrystal-lized. The recrystallization is repeated until the crystals show no spectroscopic reaction for potassium or lithium. The yield naturally depends on the variety of lepidolite employed. 100. grms of an average sample gives about 10 grms. of crude crystals and about 3 grms. of the purified caesium and rubidium alums. For the purification of caesium and rubidium salts, see the chlorides. The mother-liquors are treated with an excess of barium carbonate, boiled, and filtered. The filtrate is acidified with hydrochloric acid, and evaporated to dryness. The residue is extracted with absolute alcohol in which lithium chloride is soluble, and the other alkali chlorides are sparingly soluble. 

LINE BOTTOM OF CUSTARD CUP WITH ALUMINUM FOIL. PLACE TARNISHED COIN ON FOIL. POUR CUP HALF FULL OF WATER. ADD % TEASPOON SODIUM CARBONATE. BOIL GENTLY. TARNISH VANISHES. 

Place 1.55 g (0.0675 mol) of clean sodium in a 250-ml round-bottomed flask equipped with a reflux condenser. Add 40 ml of absolute alcohol (or rectified spirit). If all the sodium has not disappeared after the vigorous reaction has subsided, warm the flask on a water bath until solution is complete. Cool the mixture and add 10 g (0.066 mol) of p-hydroxyacetanilide. Introduce 15 g (8 ml, 0.1 mol) of ethyl iodide slowly through the condenser and reflux the mixture for 45-60 minutes. Pour 100 ml of water through the condenser at such a rate that the crystalline product does not separate if crystals do separate, reflux the mixture until they dissolve. Then cool the flask in an ice bath collect the crude phenacetin with suction and wash with a little cold water. Dissolve the crude product in 80 ml of rectified spirit if the solution is coloured, add 2 g of decolourising carbon, boil and filter. Treat the clear solution with 125 ml of hot water and allow to cool. Collect the pure phenacetin at the pump and dry in the air. The yield is 9.5 g (80%), m.p. 137 °C. 

Name Structure Carbons Boiling Point (°C) Density (g/cm3)... 

The dry diazonium salt is heated in a distillation apparatus to its decomposition point, and the m-fluorotoluene distilling over is collected in an ice-cooled receiver. The distillate after being dried over solid sodium carbonate boils at 114-115°/758 mm. The yield is 69%. 

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