Carbon tetrachloride boiling point

Carbon tetrachloride (melting point -23°C, boiling point 76.7°C, density 1.5947, critical temperature 283.2°C, critical pressure 9714 psi - 67 MPa, solubility 0.08 g in 100 g water) is a heavy, colorless, nonflammable, noncombustible liquid. Dry carbon tetrachloride is noncorrosive to common metals except aluminum. When wet, carbon tetrachloride hydrolyzes and is corrosive to iron, copper, nickel, and alloys containing those elements. 

It follows that liquids of high boiling point should not be distilled from drying agent systems which have appreciable vapour pressures. An extreme case of this action is the dehydration of oxalic acid dihydrate by distillation over toluene or over carbon tetrachloride. 

Selection of solvents. The choice of solvent will naturally depend in the first place upon the solubility relations of the substance. If this is already in solution, for example, as an extract, it is usually evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and then dissolved in a suitable medium the solution must be dilute since crystallisation in the column must be avoided. The solvents generally employed possess boiling points between 40° and 85°. The most widely used medium is light petroleum (b.p. not above 80°) others are cycZohexane, carbon disulphide, benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ether and acetic acid. 

Repeat the boiling point determination with the following pure liquids (a) carbon tetrachloride, A.R. (77°) (6) ethylene dibromide (132°) or chlorobenzene (132°) (c) aniline, A.R. (184-6°) and (d) nitrobenzene, A.R. (211°). An air condenser should be used for (c) and (d). Correct the observed boiling points for any appreciable deviation from the normal pressure of 760 mm. Compare the observed boiling points with the values given in parentheses and construct a calibration curve for the thermometer. Compare the latter with the curve obtained from melting point determinations (Section 111,1). 

Other mixtures which may be employed are carbon tetrachloride (b.p. 77°) and toluene (b.p. 110-111°) chloroform (b.p. 61°) and toluene methyl alcohol (b.p. 65°) and water (b.p. 100°). The last example is of interest because almost pure methyl alcohol may be isolated no constant boiling point mixture (or azeotropic mixture) is formed (compare ethyl alcohol and water, Sections 1,4 and 1,5). Attention is directed to the poisonous character of methyl alcohol the vapour should therefore not be inhaled. 

Add 1 ml. of the alcohol-free ether to 0-1-0-15 g. of finely-powdered anhydrous zinc chloride and 0 5 g. of pure 3 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride (Section 111,27,1) contained in a test-tube attach a small water condenser and reflux gently for 1 hour. Treat the reaction product with 10 ml. of 1-5N sodium carbonate solution, heat and stir the mixture for 1 minute upon a boiling water bath, allow to cool, and filter at the pump. Wash the precipitate with 5 ml. of 1 5N sodium carbonate solution and twice with 6 ml. of ether. Dry on a porous tile or upon a pad of filter paper. Transfer the crude ester to a test-tube and boil it with 10 ml. of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride filter the hot solution, if necessary. If the ester does not separate on cooling, evaporate to dryness on a water bath, and recrystallise the residue from 2-3 ml. of either of the above solvents. Determine the melting point of the resulting 3 5 dinitro benzoate (Section 111,27). 

Determination of boiling points. Distillation method (Fig. II, 12, 1) for carbon tetrachloride (25 nil. distillation flask and small water condenser), and SiwoloboflF s method (Fig. II, 12, 2) for carbon tetrachloride, aniline and nitrobenzene. Calibration curve for thermometer. Determination of b.p. of unknown liquid. 

By-products from EDC pyrolysis typically include acetjiene, ethylene, methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, 1,3-butadiene, vinylacetylene, benzene, chloroprene, vinyUdene chloride, 1,1-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,1-trichloroethane [71-55-6] and other chlorinated hydrocarbons (78). Most of these impurities remain with the unconverted EDC, and are subsequendy removed in EDC purification as light and heavy ends. The lightest compounds, ethylene and acetylene, are taken off with the HCl and end up in the oxychlorination reactor feed. The acetylene can be selectively hydrogenated to ethylene. The compounds that have boiling points near that of vinyl chloride, ie, methyl chloride and 1,3-butadiene, will codistiU with the vinyl chloride product. Chlorine or carbon tetrachloride addition to the pyrolysis reactor feed has been used to suppress methyl chloride formation, whereas 1,3-butadiene, which interferes with PVC polymerization, can be removed by treatment with chlorine or HCl, or by selective hydrogenation. 

Carbon tetrachloride (as well as a number of other halogen compounds) greatly accelerates the reaction between magnesium and alcohol. If anhydrous alcohol is used the reaction will start in the course of some time without heating, whereas 99.5 per cent alcohol has to be heated nearly to the boiling point before the evolution of hydrogen becomes rapid. 

In a 2-1. round-bottomed three-necked flask, fitted with an efficient reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer, and dropping funnel (Note 1), are placed 133.3 g. (1 mole) of anhydrous powdered aluminum chloride, 137.4 g. (1 mole) of phosphorus trichloride, and 184.6 g. (1.2 moles) of carbon tetrachloride (Note 2). The reactants are stirred slowly until they are thoroughly mixed, and then heat is applied carefully until the reaction begins. At this point the liquid boils vigorously, and the reaction mixture becomes thicker so that faster stirring is necessary. Finally, the stirrer is stopped when the... 

A mixture containing equal parts by mass of carbon tetrachloride and toluene is to be fractionated to give an overhead product containing 95 mass per cent carbon tetrachloride, a bottom product of 5 mass per cent carbon tetrachloride, and a sidestream containing 80 mass per cent carbon tetrachloride. Both the feed and sidestream may be regarded as liquids at their boiling points. 

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