Carbon aquatic cycling

Land/atmospheric interfacial processes which impact climate and biological activity on earth are illustrated in Figure 3. Emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen dioxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have been linked to the transmission of solar radiation to the surface of the earth as well as to the transmission of terrestrial radiation to space. Should solar radiation be an internal process or an external driver of the hydrologic cycle, weather, and air surface temperatures Compounds of sulfur and nitrogen are associated with acidic precipitation and damage to vegetation, aquatic life, and physical structures. 

The Table of Contents for this collection will facilitate this discussion. Notice that the papers are grouped into the categories of Atmospheric, Aquatic and Terrestrial Components, Global Carbon Cycle and Climate Change, and Global Environmental Science Education. The reader may want to consider the various chemical species studied in each paper. Next, the reader may wish to group the papers by whether they address the source or the receptor, the transport or transformation processes for the chemical species. Finally, the reader needs to establish the time scales and the spatial resolution used. 

A new direction in searching for the atmospheric CO2 sink considering the joint action of carbonate dissolution, global water cycle and the photosynthetic uptake of die by aquatic organisms... 

ABSTRACT The locations, magnitudes, variations and mechanisms responsible for the atmospheric C02 sink are uncertain and under debate. Previous studies concentrated mainly on oceans, and soil and terrestrial vegetation as sinks. Here, we show that there is an important C02 sink in carbonate dissolution, the global water cycle and photosynthetic uptake of DIC by aquatic ecosystems. The sink constitutes up to 0.82 Pg C/a 0.24 Pg C/a is delivered to oceans via rivers and 0.22 Pg C/a by meteoric precipitation, 0.12 Pg C/a is returned to the atmosphere, and 0.23 Pg C/a is stored in the continental aquatic ecosystem. The net sink could be as much as 0.70 Pg C/a, may increase with intensification of the global water cycle, increase in C02 and carbonate dust in atmosphere, reforestation/afforestation, and with fertilization of aquatic ecosystems. Under the projection of global warming for the year 2100, it is estimated that this C02 sink may increase by 22%, or about 0.18 Pg c/a. 

KEYWORDS atmospheric CO2 Sink, carbonate dissolution, global water cycle, aquatic photosynthesis, organic matter storage/burial... 

Previous studies addressed oceans and terrestrial vegetation as C02 sinks. Here, we describe an important C02 sink in carbonate dissolution, the global water cycle (GWC), and uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by aquatic. The sink is larger than previous estimates (Meybeck 1993 Gombert 2002). 

Lerman, A. Mackenzie, F.T. 2005. 0O2 air-sea exchange due to calcium carbonate and organic matter storage, and its implications for the global carbon cycle. Aquatic Geochemistry, 11, 345-390. 

In many freshwater aquatic systems, dissolved organic material (DOM) represents a major pool of organic material. Processes that produce, consume, and transform DOM are important in the overall cycling of carbon, energy, and nutrients in these aquatic ecosystems. Current research has... 

Hessen, D. O. 1998. Food webs and carbon cycling in humic lakes. In Aquatic Humic Substances (D. O. Hessen and L. J. Tranvik, Eds.), pp. 285-315. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

Bronk, D.A., Glibert, P.M., Malone, T.C., Banahan, S., and Sahlsten, E. (1998) Inorganic and organic nitrogen cycling in Chesapeake Bay autotrophic versus heterotrophic processes and relationships to carbon flux. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 15, 177-189. 

Gustafsson, O., Bucheli, T.D., Kukulska, Z., Andersson, M., Largeau, C., Rouzaud, J.N., Reddy, C.M., and Eglinton, T.I. (2001) Evaluation of aprotocol for the quantification of black carbon in sediments, soils and aquatic particles. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 15, 881-890. 

Lomstein, B.A., Jensen, A.G.U., Hansen, J.W., Andreasen, J.B., Hansen, L.S., Bemtsen, J., and Kunzendorf, H. (1998) Budgets of sediment nitrogen and carbon cycling in the shallow water of Knebel Vig. Denmark. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 14, 69-80. 

Smith WO, Jr. Codispoti LA, Nelson DM, Manley T, Buskey EJ, Niebauer HJ, Cota GF (1991) Importance of Phaeocystis blooms in the high-latitude ocean carbon cycle. Nature 352 514-516 Sukhanova IN, Flint MV (2001) Phaeocystis pouchetii at the Eastern Bering Sea Shelf. Oceanology 41 75-85 Turner JT (2002) Zooplankton fecal pellets, marine snow and sinking phytoplankton blooms. Aquat Microb Ecol 27 57-102... 

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