Oceans high latitude

Latitudinal variations in depth profiles of salinity in the (a) Atlantic, (b) Pacific, and (c) tropical oceans High-latitude salinities are given by the dashed lines. Source After Pickard, G. L, and W. J. Emery (1999). Descriptive Physicai Oceanography An Introduction, 5th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, p. 52. 

The simplest kind of gridpoint model is one where only one spatial dimension is considered, most often the vertical. Such one-dimensional models are particularly useful when the conditions are horizontally homogeneous and the main transport occurs in the vertical direction. Examples of such situations are the vertical distribution of CO2 within the ocean (except for the downwelling regions in high latitudes, Sie-genthaler, 1983) and the vertical distribution of... 

The horizontal isopycnal thermocline model is important for the problem of determining the fate of the excess atmospheric CO2. The increase of CO2 in the atmosphere is modulated by transport of excess CO2 from the atmosphere into the interior of the ocean. The direct ventilation of the thermocline in its outcropping regions at high latitudes plays an important... 

A requirement of the heat balance for a steady-state ocean is that the input of new cold abyssal water (Antarctic Bottom Water and North Atlantic Deep Water) sinking in the high-latitude regions must be balanced by input of... 

Over much of the ocean (exclusive of upwelling regions, high-latitude areas and specific high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions) the vertical distribution of dissolved POt is represented by the shape of the profile displayed in Fig. 14-6, which is similar to the shape observed for the... 

The global atmospheric circulation acts as an enormous filtration system, which depletes high-latitude precipitation of heavy isotope-bearing water molecules. Because of this system, measurements of the stable isotopic composition of the ice sheets and of ocean-floor sediments reveal very important paleo-environmental information (see Sections 18.2.2,18.3.2, and 18.3.3). Here we examine this filtration system at a physical level. This system was first understood by a great Danish geochemist named Willi Dansgaard (Dansgaard, 1964). 

Clegg SL, Bacon MP, Whitfield M (1991) Application of a generalized scavenging model to thorium isotope and particle data at equatorial and high-latitude sites in the Pacific Ocean. J Geophys Res 96 20655-20670... 

DDE The comparison of model data with observations shows significant discrepancies for the spatial distribution in atmosphere and ocean. The observed concentrations show a decrease from low to high latitudes, whereas the model results show an increase of oceanic concentrations. Therefore, modeled concentrations in the Arctic atmosphere strongly exceed observations. In general, possible could be in-... 

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