Aerogels carbon

Structure is known to evolve in time when subjected to temperature/humidity cycling. 

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Miller J.M., Dunn B., Tran T.D., Pekala R.W. Morphology and electrochemistry of ruthenium/carbon/aerogel nanostructures. Langmuir 1999 15 799-806. 

The contribution by Rouzaud et al. teaches to apply a modified version of high resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) as an efficient technique of quantitative investigation of the mechanism of irreversible capacity loss in various carbon candidates for application in lithium-ion batteries. The authors introduce the Corridor model , which is interesting and is likely to stimulate active discussion within the lithium-ion battery community. Besides carbon fibers coated with polycarbon (a candidate anode material for lithium-ion technology), authors study carbon aerogels, a known material for supercapacitor application. Besides the capability to form an efficient double electric layer in these aerogels, authors... 

Figure 8. Multiscale organization of carbon aerogels imaged by TEM. Example of the Ca(OH)2 based organic aerogel (Resorcinol/Catalyst - 45) heated at 1050°C.

Table. Structural data from computer analysis of the HRTEM images obtained on carbon aerogels formed by pyrolysis at 1050 and 2600°C ofNa2(CO)3 and Ca(OH)2 based aerogels heated.

Pekala R.W., Alviso C.T. Carbon aerogels and xerogels. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 1992 270-3. 

Tamon H, Ishizaka H, Mikami M, Okazaki M. Porous structure of organic and carbone aerogels synthesized by sol-gel polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde. Carbon 1997 35 791-6... 

Carbonaceous resins, in hazardous waste management, 25 813 Carbon adsorbents, preparation, 1 586 Carbon adsorption, in hazardous waste management, 25 811-813 Carbon adsorption system, 26 681 Carbon adsorption units, 25 812 Carbon aerogels applications, 1 767 preparation, 1 752... 

Microporosity is a feature observed in many different materials (e g., activated carbons, aerogels, and xerogels). However, with regard to heterogeneous catalysis, zeolites are practically the only microporous catalysts used at present. The following chapter thus only addresses zeolites and their use in catalysis. 

Another style of DLs using PAN fibers was presented by Glora et al. [20]. They developed carbon aerogel sheets, which were then used as diffusion layers in PEMFCs. In order to fabricate these DLs, resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogels... 

However, the performance of a fuel cell with these carbon aerogels as DLs was around a factor of six lower than the performance of commercial electrodes. This was due mainly to the fact that the authors did not use additional electrolyte when depositing the catalytically active layer, thus causing reduced ionic conductivity between the catalyst (Pt particles) and the membrane. In addition, the MEAs with carbon aerogels performed poorly at high current densities because the Pt particles used were 10 times larger than the ones normally used [20]. 

M. Glora, M. Wiener, R. Petricevic, H. Probstle, and J. Fricke. Integration of carbon aerogels in PEM fuel cells. Journal of Noncrystalline Solids 285 (2001) 283-287. 

T0465 Klohn-Crippen Consultants, Ltd., ChemTech Soil Treatment Process T0471 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Carbon Aerogel Capacitive Deionization of Water... 

T0471 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Carbon Aerogel Capacitive Deionization... 

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