Nanostructured aerogels

Grob J, Fricke J (1995) Scaling of elastic properties in highly porous nanostructured aerogels. NanoStnict... 

Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic nanostructured aerogel membranes on water or oils... 

Miller J.M., Dunn B., Tran T.D., Pekala R.W. Morphology and electrochemistry of ruthenium/carbon/aerogel nanostructures. Langmuir 1999 15 799-806. 

Long JW, Swider KE, Merzbacher Cl, Rolison DR. Voltammetric characterization of ruthenium oxide-based aerogels and other Ru02 solids The nature of capacitance in nanostructured materials. Langmuir 1999 15(3) 780-5. 

Aerogels and Related Nanostructures—Aperiodic Pore-Solid Architectures... 

Porous chalcogenide aerogels is another broad class of non-oxidic framework that prepared by template-free routes [71-73]. These materials possess a continuous nanostructured chalcogenide framework that is penetrated by a random network of nanopore channels. Because these high surface area structures are random and not exhibit long-range pore periodicity, such systems are outside of the scope of this review and will not be covered further. 

Yang, K.L., Yiacoumi, S., and Tsouris, C. Electrosorption capacitance of nanostructured carbon aerogel obtained by cyclic voltammetry. J. Electroanal. Chem. 540, 2003 159-167. 

On the other hand, the production of aerogels is far from simple it is difficult to understand and control the sol-gel process and the drying process. However, because the successful tailoring of the nanostructure has been demonstrated by several research groups, a broad variety of new materials is available and many technical applications have become feasible [2,15]. 

The nanostructure of aerogels could be used for gas-filtering purposes in the range from 20 to 100 nm [79]. In contrast to other materials for this purpose, because of their high porosity aerogels allow a relatively high gas flow. The pore size distribution can be influenced via drying control chemical additives [80]. 

Also not new are the phenomena seen in nanostructures—all sol-gel (e.g.. Chapter 13 all aerogels are nanocrystalline ) and life chemistry is nanostruc-tural, and chemists long have been able to prepare molecular clusters and nanocrystalline powers by vaporization or, better, by decomposition of precursors (typically hydroxides, carbonates, nitrates, acetates, citrates, and so on). Even the recent production of biphasic or polyphasic nanostructures from polymers had been preceded by the decomposition of mixed crystals [e.g., CaMg(Co3)2, dolomite, to CaO and MgO]. Carbon and SiC fibers (Nicalon ) are nanostructural. In this book, nanocrystalline cobalt from 1966 is mentioned (Chapter 18). Naturally, the nanostructural works of chemists could not be directly examined before the advent of electron microscopes, but more indirect... 

Vanadium Oxide Aerogels Enhanced Energy Storage in Nanostructured Materials... 

Another route to nanostructured cathode materials is to tune the morphology of the solid as occurs in the synthesis of aerogels. These high surface area materials have a large pore volume and exhibit lithium capacities much higher than... 

---