Carbon activation hybrid materials

Tong, X., et ah, Enhanced catalytic activity for methanol electro-oxidation of uniformly dispersed nickel oxide nanoparticles - carbon nanotube hybrid materials. Small, 2012. 

For more efficient utilization of MOFs sorbents, several hybrid systems based on MOFs with other solid sorbents have been investigated in the literature. The objective of having hybrid materials is to utilize the synergism between the two sorbents and therefore ultimately improve the overall performance in C02 separation. Moreover, sorbents such as activated carbons, graphenes, and CNTs provide the added feature of high surface area and easily functionalized sites which contribute to the tuning of the final properties of the composite... 

CNT-based inorganic hybrid materials are part of carbon-based inorganic hybrid materials as anodic electrodes in LIBs. The concept has been proven to be successful at least at laboratory scale, and is promising as a potential alternative to replace graphite-based anodes. However, little is known about the interface structure between CNT and the supported active materials, and thus the electron transfer between the two components. More detailed fundamental research on the interface and interaction between CNTs and active materials at atomic level is needed for a better understanding of the abovementioned improvement. 

Before concluding this subject, mention is made here of two more novel approaches for using SBE. Pollard et al. (143) have reported that SBE can be used to prepare a pseudo-graphitic char suitable as a low-cost replacement for activated carbon in the stabilization/solidification of industrial wastes. In their process, they char 2 1 blends of SBE and ZnCl2 at 450°C/1 hour and then activate the material at 600°C/1 hour. The resultant hybrid material is as effective as activated carbon for fixing toxic organics and, because of its aluminosilicate framework, exhibits additional pozzolanic activity in the cement-based stabilization/solidification reactions in which these materials are used. Very recently (144), Bohling reported on... 

Nanoparticles, Vol. 3. Catalysis for Remediation and Environmental Concerns, Vol. 4. Hybrid Materials, Composites, and Organocatalysts, Vol. 5. Batteries, Hydrogen Storage and Fuel Cells, Vol. 6. Solar Photocatalysis, Vol. 7. Activation of Carbon Dioxide). 

Nanobiotechology-based biosensors have been developed with immobilization of biomolecules in miniamrized structures, which may contain hybrid materials for enhancing sensing properties [4, 9-17]. Such methods have also been applied to biosensors based on FEDs [4]. For example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in biosensors to achieve better sensitivity and selectivity [18-22]. The key to obtain such enhanced systems is the combination of biomolecules, whose activity may be preserved for long periods of time, and nanomaterials, as CNTs, on the FEDs surface [4]. Deposition of these materials is normally done with the electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) technique that allows an easy control of film thickness and possible tuning of molecular architectures to yield tailored sensing units [4, 23-31]. 

One method is to move away from pseudocapacitance and employ a lithium intercalation system to create a hybrid battery-supercapacitor. In this system, graphite (a common choice in battery systems) is a very low potential intercalation material. By appropriately matching the electrode mass, a stable half cell potential near 0.1 V can be maintained for changing lithium concentration in the electrode (Figure 3.19). The lithium stored acts as a supply for ion pairing at the cathode, which is a high performance carbon double-layer material in the form of active carbon [45] or graphene [46]. 

---