Phenol, Carbolic Acid

Physical properties. All solid except m -cresol, CH3CJH4OH, which is a liquid. All colourless when pure, but frequently slightly coloured due to atmospheric oxidation. All have in varying degrees a characteristic odour of carbolic acid. Phenol, the cresols and resorcinol have a caustic action on the skin. 

Carbol. carbolic, carbolized, carbolated. kalk, n. carbolated lime. >dl( n. carbolated oil. salbe,/. Pharm.) ointment of phenol. carbolic acid, phenol. ldsung, /. carbolic acid solution. seife, /. carbolic acid soap. 

In summary, carbolic acid (phenol, VII) is an extremely weak acid because its value of K 1 is 1CT10, quantifying how small is the concentration of solvated protons in its solutions. 

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) established that some diseases are caused by microorganisms and not, as was thought to be the case at the time, by miasmas, evil spirits or divine intervention. Despite the scepticism of physicians, as illustrated above, Pasteur s work inspired a British surgeon, Joseph Lister, to introduce antiseptic methods into surgery in order to prevent wound infection. In March 1865, he operated for the first time using an antiseptic, carbolic acid (phenol). There were no infections after the surgery - a rare occurrence at that time. 

Acidity of phenol. Phenol is also called carbolic acid. Phenol is an acid and will react with base thus phenols readily dissolve in base solutions. In contrast, alcohols are not acidic. 

Phcnylsulfuric acid is monobasic like ethylsulfuric acid the rule leads to this conclusion if one considers carbolic acid [phenol] as neutral, as phenyl alcohol, if one assumes its basicity to be zero, as in alcohol. 

In the first place I do not understand what is intended by the phrase the sulfoacids are substitution products. Substitution has for years been understood to mean the replacement of a number of atoms by an equivalent quantity of other atoms. I do not know in what sense benzenesulfonic acid is to be considered a substitution product of benzene, and sulfocarbolic acid of carbolic acid [phenol]. TheS group is said to enter the radical in place of hydrogen Ann, 102, 248 and 249) it substitutes. I ask what does it substitute ... 

Despite this and other successes, envious colleagues refused to accept his discoveries. However, the general public became very enthusiastic about this new wonder chemical , and use of such preparations as the carbolic smoke ball became very popular. The carbolic acid was placed in a heat-proof vessel and this was warmed so that the vapours could be inhaled. Anyone who has encountered carbolic acid (phenol) would doubt that this fairly corrosive chemical could provide the benefits claimed in the advertisement ... 

Phenol (carbolic acid phenol dissolved in water antiseptic)... 

Involved chemicals acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, carbolic acid [phenol], chlorosulfonic acid, trichloroacetic acid) (15 cases), alkalis (lye, cement) (9 cases), other/unknown substances (10 cases)... 

Calcium Chromate (VI) Calcium Chromate Carbolic Acid Phenol... 

Calcium Carbonate (cold) Calcium Chlorate (dilute) Calcium Chloride Calcium Hydroxide Cane Sugar Liquors Carbolic Acid (Phenol) Carbonic Acid I Carbon Dioxide Carbon Disulfide Carbon Tetrachloride Caustic Potash Caustic Soda Chlorine (anhydrous) Chromic Acid Citric Acid (to 15%) Copper Acetate Copper Carbonate Core Oils Cotton Seed Oil... 

Our story takes an important turn when W.H. Story applied some of the methods of industrial chemistry to the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde [35]. He constructed a heated pressure reactor with inlet and outlet valves, and an independent source of gas pressure. The system was charged with commercial carbolic acid (phenol) and 40% formaldehyde solution. It was heated at 100 °C and stirred for 8 h. The highly viscous solution was then drawn off and concentrated to drive off water. Further heating led to a solid product that was clear, tough and a good electrical insulator. But, chemically, what was it ... 

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