Carbohydrate consumption

During these MNT educational and planning sessions, patients receive instructions on appropriate food selection, preparation, and proper portion control. The primary focus of MNT for patients with type 1 DM is matching optimal insulin dosing to carbohydrate consumption. In type 2 DM, the primary focus is calorie reduction to achieve weight loss. 

Hypoglycemic reactions are the most common complication of insulin therapy. They commonly result from inadequate carbohydrate consumption, unusual physical exertion, and too large a dose of insulin. 

Fermentation experiments utilizing sugars present in paper sludge hydrolysate were first carried out on complete medium as presented in Materials and Methods. Results on carbohydrate consumption and hydrogen production of two typical fermentations are shown in Table 2 (conditions D1 and D2). Acetate and lactate were the main byproducts. 

Anderson, T. A. (1982). Recent trends in carbohydrate consumption. Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2, 113-132. 

A similar approach was used for the detection of monosaccharides [56] pyranose oxidase delivered a suitable oxidase-based sensor with the hydrogen peroxide being determined again via the direct electron transfer from the carbon paste electrode to the enzyme horseradish peroxidase. In aU bi-enz5mie systems, both the enzymes were entrapped within the carbon paste. These electrodes were used as detectors in a liquid chromatography system allowing the simultaneous determination not only of several carbohydrates but also of ethanol within approximately 20 min. Ethanol production and carbohydrate consumption were monitored on-line during a fermentation of P. stipitis for 16 h (see also Section 11.2.3). 

The dietary reference intakes for thiamine ate dependent on carbohydrate consumption. 

Rho et al. (632) studied the physiological aspects of surface immobilization, using polyester fiber sheets mounted in a 2-liter stirred bioreactor. Nitrate and carbohydrate consumption rates as well as growth rate and biomass yield were reported to be equal or somewhat lower than for suspension cultured cells. The yield of total alkaloids was 13 mg/g dry weight after 14 days of culture. From this figure a specific alkaloid production rate of 0.93 mg/g/day can be calculated, which is relatively high. 

Currently, it is known that carbohydrates can directly influence the physiological and metabolic processes in humans, and that this influence can reduce some of the problems associated with the appearance of the disease in a direct or indirect way. Several studies have been conducted in order to prove the link between the carbohydrates consumption and diseases in humans, presenting strong evidence that they are related, although the mechanisms involved in such activities are not completely understood. "... 

The enforced reduction in average consumption of purified carbohydrates during World War II has been used to explain the marked reduction of dental decay which occurred in the period subsequent to the war. Such studies assume that the only significant factor changing was the carbohydrate consumption. Actually, the delay in the appearance of a reduced caries rate, as indicated above, has been interpreted as signifying both preemptive and post-emptive effects of the diets. 

Fisher D, Heymaim M, Rudolph A. Myocardial oxygen and carbohydrate consumption in fetal lambs in utero and in adult sheep. Am J Physiol 1980 238(3) H399-H405. 

Only 0.4 g of carbohydrate comes from red meat daily, with most of it derived from the glycogen and reducing tissues naturally present in the tissues. Neither meat nor meat-poultry-fish make any significant contribution to total carbohydrate consumption in each case they account for only 0.1%. A small amount of carbohydrate in the diet also... 

As triglyceride is the principal lipid fraction in the serum influenced by dietary carbohydrate, then it is necessary to study the effects on serum triglyceride of variations such as the amount and type of dietary carbohydrate, the chronological relationship to the time of carbohydrate consumption, the influence of other dietary factors accompanying the carbohydrate and the sensitivity of the consumer. 

The current global emphasis for healthy eating focuses on increasing carbohydrate consumption, particularly in the form of whole grains, fruit, and vegetables. Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a positive association between carbohydrate consumption and reduced risk of chronic disease and certain types of cancer. 

Case-control studies have shown that colorectal cancer risk increases with high intakes of sugar-rich foods, while other studies have failed to prove such a relationship. Thus, there is insufficient evidence to support the role of sugar in the risk for colorectal cancer. On the contrary, carbohydrate consumption in the form of fruit, vegetables, and cereals has been shown to be protective against colorectal cancer. 

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