Capsules types

Freeman, R. Gould, F. K. Sisson, P. R. Lightfoot, N. F. Strain differentiation of capsule type 23 penicillin-resistant Streptcoccus pneumoniae from nosocomial infections by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1991, 13, 28-31. 

Ishibashi, T., Pitcairn, G.R., Yoshino, Ft., Mizobe, M., and Wilding, I.R., Scintigraphic evaluation of a new capsule-type colon specific drug delivery system in healthy volunteers, J. Pharm. Sci., 87 531-535 (1988). 

Figure 34. Structures for (a) thin-layer-type and (b) nylon capsule-type transport cells (reprinted with permission from Anal. Sci. 1996, 12, 332. Copyright 1996 The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry).

Fig. 16. Concept of glucose sensitive insulin release system using PVA/poly (NVP-10-PBA) complex system, (polymer capsule type)...

Figure 5. Description of two capsule types found on E. coli.

T. Ishibashi, H. Hatano, Y. Matukawa, M. Mizobe, M. Kobayashi, and H. Yoshino, Design and evaluation of a new capsule-type dosage form for colon targeted delivery of drugs, Proceed. Intern. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 23 549-550 (1996). 

The variety of diaphragm- and capsule-type pressure and differential pressure detectors and transmitters is great. (Courtesy of Foxboro Invensys.)... 

The uridine diphosphate ester derivatives in a non-capsulated. Type II pneumococcus and a capsulated. Type III pneumococcus were investigated by Smith, Mills, and Harper." The capsule of the Type III pneumococcus is composed of a polysaccharide having 4-0-( 8-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-D-glucose as a repeating unit. n-Glucuronic acid, D-glucose, and L-rhamnose are constituents of the capsular polysaccharide of the Type II pneumococcus. 

The example describes the creation of a comparison between two entries uploaded into WebACT from the public DNA database. Each entry contains the DNA sequence and annotation for a gene cluster from S. pneumoniae encoding the biosynthesis of a particular polysaccharide capsule structure. Each strain of S. pneumoniae carries 1 version of the gene cluster out of a possible 90 (17). The different capsule types are conventionally determined by serotyping. The capsule forms the outer coating of these bacterial cells and differences in their structure affect interactions with the human host. 

Transformation of a noncapsulated Type III strain of Pneumococcus with deoxyribonucleic acid from a fully capsulated Type I strain gave a small proportion of a new type of cells which elaborated two capsular polysaccharides (I and III) in addition to Type I transformants. In this case, bio83mthesis of Type III capsular polysaccharide was restored by utilization of uridine 5-(D-glucopyranosyluronic acid pyrophosphate) from the Type I pathway. - ... 

This review chapter describes both thin film and capsule type enzyme-encapsulated LbL devices. Initially, a brief explanation is given of the merits of immobilization of enzymes by using the LbL method, and this is followed by a description of recent advanced techniques and future perspectives. 

In Figure 60.7, a simplified description of how these capsule types are manufactured is shown. 

Strains of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, VA) 12600 capsule type 3 strain. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 19660, Proteus mirabilis strain ATCC 51286, and Escherichia coli strain SI7-1 It p/rpUT Amp mini-Tn5 luxCDABETc (M.K. Winson, University of Nottingham, UK). 

The latter also affects the structure of polystyrene occlusions, i.e., instead of the usually formed cellular rubber particles, the "tangle" particles and the particles of "capsule" type are formed (Figure 4). Analogous changes of particle types were observed by Ekhte when investigating the structure of a homopolystyrene mixture with block copolymers of different block size (9). 

Insertion by means of a capsule sorting apparatus is executed, in principle, quicker and more hygienic, although the apparatus does not always function flawlessly. Capsules arrayed on a card can be inserted quickly, hygienically and faultlessly. The card is placed, with or without an adapter, and using a little bar the capsules are pressed out off the card into the holes of the apparatus. A card may have the disadvantage that the choice of the capsule type itself is limited. 

Conversely, soft gelatin capsules arc made of gelatin that has been plasticised by the addition of glycerin or sorbitol. This capsule type is used to hermetically seal and encapsulate liquids, suspensions or dry powders. The manufacturing methods for the production of hard and soft gelatin capsules are different and require separate specialist equipment. 

Welded cylinders are specified in DOT-4 or DOT-8 series of specifications. Welded cylinders are assembled from preformed components consisting of two half shells for a capsule type with center girth weld, or two heads with a formed body for a longitudinal three-piece design. Automatic submerged arc welding is used... 

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