Capsulated suspension

Tabiets and capsules Suspensions and solutions Creams and ointments Solvent extraction methods... 

Conventional dosage forms tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions and solutions... 

Dissolution rate tests for tablets, capsules, suspensions, suppositories, or other dosage forms. Controlled-release dosage forms or drug delivery systems also should be monitored by appropriate testing methodology. 

The major classes of pesticides in use in the Region are organochlo-rine and organophosphorus compounds, Ccirbamates, pyrethroids and bacterial larvicides. Organophosphorus compounds are the most common, followed by pyrethroids. Insecticides are available in a variety of formulations, including emulsifiable concentrates (EC), wet-table powders (WP), dustable powders (DP), suspension concentrates (SC), oil-in-water emulsions (EW) and capsule suspensions (CS). 

The multilayer coating of particles and formation of ultrathin microcapsules were verified by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM, Leica) and atomic force microscopy (AFM, NanoScope). For AFM measurements, a drop of each sample was deposited onto the silicon support (with a PEl/PSS sublayer) and dried. For CLSM analysis, the coated particles and multilayer capsule suspensions were preliminary colored with rhodamin C. 

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (inhalations, injections, oral capsules, suspensions, tablets, topical preparations, and suppositories). Included in medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian Eist of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

GRAS listed. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (oral capsules, suspensions, and syrups). Included in nonpar-enteral medicines licensed in the UK. 

Types of dosage form tablet capsule suspension enteric coated sustained release... 

In contrast to more established spectroscopic techniques, SS-NMR spectra are virtually independent of the physical properties of the sample, such as particle size, homogeneity, or residual water content. Therefore, pharmaceutical solids can be studied by NMR without a need for special sample preparations. Samples viable for SS-NMR analysis include a whole range of pharmaceutical formulations such as tablets, lyophilized powders, capsules, suspensions, and ointments. SS-NMR does not suffer from a preferred orientation restriction, which often leads to an incorrect identification of polymorphs when using XRPD. In addition, SS-NMR is a nondestructive technique that allows other analyses to be performed on the same sample after the NMR spectrum is acquired. 

In 1977, Zappala and Post used NIR for meprobamate (MEP) in four pharmaceutical preparations tablets, sustained-release capsules, suspensions, and injectables [71]. The NIR method was an improvement over that introduced by Sherken it took advantage of a MEP (primary amine) combination band at 1958 nm, not subject to the interference suffered by the peak at 2915 nm. 

Formulation characteristics such as the particle size, surface area, crystal form, and dosage forms (solution, tablet, capsule, suspension, emulsion, gel, and modified released)... 

A dramatic example of the impact of crystal polymorphism on a drug formulation is that of ritonavir (Norvir ), used for the treatment of HIV patients. The problem arose in May of 1998, approximately two years after the launch of the drug, when researchers at the Abbott Laboratories became aware that after 240 production batches it was no longer possible to obtain ritonavir in the crystal form (Form I) approved by the FDA and required for the formulation of Norvir because of the sudden and unexpected appearance of a more stable and much less soluble crystal form (Form II, Fig. 3.3.17). The loss of control over the production process forced Abbott to withdraw the drug from the market for approximately one year until they learned how to replace the solid formulation with a gel capsule suspension with greater problems of stability and bioavailability. Subsequent investigations have led to the discovery of four other crystalline forms of ritonavir [33]. 

Over the last 20 years, there have also been substantial improvements to the formulation that have enhanced selectivity and improved operator safety (Mulqueen, 1998). These include suspension concentrates (SC), capsule suspension (CS), and other formulations which are sprayed as particulate suspensions in this way certain aspects of chemical application may have become similar to those of biopesticides (e.g. as in Figure 8.8). Innovations with biopesticide formulation have sometimes proved momentous for example, the discovery that my coinsecticide efficacy could be substantially enhanced by formulating in oil (Prior etal., 1988). 

The formulation of a dosage form (i.e. tablet, capsules, suspension, etc.) of this drug must be... 

Chem. Descrip. Caprylic/capric triglyceride CAS 65381-09-1 EINECS/ELINCS 265-724-3 Uses Solvent for colors and perfumes emollient, moisturizer, solubilizer, carrier, vise, modifier, lubricant for cosmetics (creams/lotions, lip, mascara, sun care, hair, bath/shower preps.) plasticizer emollient, lubricant, moisturizer, diluent, solubilizer, vehicle, carrier, vise, modifier for pharmaceuticals, aerosols, clinical nutrition, coating, deliveiy/absorp. enhancement, dermatologicals, infant fomnulas, soft gelatin capsules, suspensions... 

Confocal images were obtained by Leica Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope TCS SR For capsules visualization 100 x oil inunersion objective was used throughout. 10 pi of the SNARF-1 dextran/urease capsules suspension was placed on a covershp. To this suspension 10 pi of 0.1 mol/L urea is added. After about 20 min confocal images were obtained. The red fluorescence emission was accumulated at 600-680 mn after excitation by the FITC-TRIC-TRANS laser at 543 mn. 

FIGURE 8 Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of (PSS/EAH) PSS capsules loaded with SNARF-1 dextran (MW = 70kDa) and urease enzyme in water (image A) and 0.1 M urea concentrations (image B). The Table 1 shows the increase of mean energy of individual capsules before (Fj ) and after the addition 0.1 M urea solution to water capsule suspension. The red fluorescence emission was accumulated at 600-680 run after excitation by the FITC-TRIC-TRANS laser at 543 nm. 

Formulation l pes Emulsifiable concentrate wettable powder, granules aerosol dry seed treatment capsule suspension, smoke tablet eoating agerrt microcapsule suspension. 

The polymer adsorption was performed by stirring the capsules in appropriate buffers containing polyelectrolytes at room temperature. Usually, the size of capsule suspensions was adjusted to 100--120 mL, and the stirring allowed to continue for 10 h. After adsorption, the capsules were recovered by centrifugation and purified by repeated washing with the buffer used in the adsoiption until no polymer was detected in the washing extracts, as determined by colloid titration [ref. 16 for copoly(MA, MVE) and copoly(MA, St) ref. 17 for PIE]. 

Figure 6. Hydrolysis of sucrose in aqueous suspension of PSt microcapsules without ( , o) and with (A, A) the adsorbed layer of copoly(MA, St) at (, A) pH 4.5 and (o, A) pH 5.5. The arrows show pH adjustment by quick addition of a small amount of 2M HCl or NaOH to the capsule suspension. (Adapted from ref. 5)...

Note-. The AI is dissolved in the organic phase with the surfactants and polyurea capsule monomer. The organic phase is mixed with water under high shear to form the desired droplet size, and the polymerization of the capsule wall is achieved with the addition of the cross-linking catalyst. After formation of the capsule, the remaining ingredients are added to stabilize the resulting capsule suspension. 

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