Capillary electrochromatography applications

Factors Affecting Ionic Migration. Effect of Temperature. pH and Ionic Strength. Electro-osmosis. Supporting Medium. Detection of Separated Components. Applications of Traditional Zone Electrophoresis. High-performance Capillary Electrophoresis. Capillary Electrochromatography. Applications of Capillary El ectrochromatography. ... 

LC is currently used extensively in the photographic industry. One application is to quantify some of the components of photographic paper. As demands to reduce analysis time increase, an analytical method that can give improved productivity is required. One possible alternative to LC is capillary electrochromatography (CEC). In a recent paper, this analytical protocol was applied to separate some color photographic paper components <2002MI1>. 

Capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry (CE-MS), 4 641 Capillary electrodes, 14 27 Capillary electrophoresis (CE), 4 602-603, 631-633 6 385 9 751-752 antibody based columns with, 6 402 chiral additives, 6 77-79 applications, 4 641 basic principles, 4 606-609 detectors, 4 634-635 for DNA analysis, 4 636-637 flow profiles generated, 4 608 instrumentation, 4 633 as microfluidic assay technique,... 

This overview concerns the new chromatographic method - capillary electrochromatography (CEC) - that is recently receiving remarkable attention. The principles of this method based on a combination of electroosmotic flow and analyte-stationary phase interactions, CEC instrumentation, capillary column technology, separation conditions, and examples of a variety of applications are discussed in detail. 

Keywords. Capillary electrochromatography, Theory, Electroosmotic flow, Separation, Instrumentation, Column technology, Stationary phase, Conditions, Applications... 

This review provides an overview of the literature published to date on macrocyclic antibiotics exploited for enantioselective separations in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was not intended as a comprehensive issue on the applications of such antibiotics in sub- and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). A number of structural properties of the most important macrocyclic antibiotics applied in HPLC enantioseparations are listed in Table 2.1. 

The hyphenation of CE and NMR combines a powerful separation technique with an information-rich detection method. Although compared with LC-NMR, CE-NMR is still in its infancy it has the potential to impact a variety of applications in pharmaceutical, food chemistry, forensics, environmental, and natural products analysis because of the high information content and low sample requirements of this method [82-84]. In addition to standard capillary electrophoresis separations, two CE variants have become increasingly important in CE-NMR, capillary electrochromatography and capillary isotachophoresis, both of which will be described later in this section. 

Scriba, G. K. E. (2003). Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of chiral capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography an update. Electrophoresis 24(15), 2409-2421. 

After a short introduction into the relevance of Impurity profiling for regulatory authorities, public health, and the pharmaceutical industry, an overview is presented based on the various modes of capillary electrophoresis that have been used in drug impurity analysis. The applications of capillary zone electrophoresis, non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis, micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, and capillary electrochromatography are presented consecutively. 

Lane, S. J., Boughtflower, R., Paterson, C., and Underwood, T. (1995). Capillary electrochromatography mass-spectrometry — principles and potential for application in the pharmaceutical-industry. 

Zhang, S., Huang, X., Yao, N., and Horvath, C. (2002). Preparation of monodisperse porous polymethacrylate microspheres and their application in the capillary electrochromatography of macrolide antibiotics. /. Chromatogr. A 948, 193—201. 

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a miniaturized separation technique that combines aspects of both interactive chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. In this chapter, the theory of CEC and the factors affecting separation such as the stationary phase and mobile phase parameters have been discussed. The chapter focuses on the types and preparation of columns for CEC and describes the progress made in the development of open-tubular, particle-packed, and monolithic columns. The detection techniques in CEC such as the traditional UV detection and improvements made in coupling with more sensitive detectors such as mass spectrometry are also described. The chapter provides a summary of some applications of CEC in the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biotechnology products. 

Allen, D., and El Rassl, Z. (2004). Capillary electrochromatography with monolithic silica columns III. Preparation of hydrophilic silica monoliths having surface-bound cyano groups chromatographic characterization and application to the separation of carbohydrates, nucleosides, nucleic acid bases and other neutral polar species.. Chromatogr. A 1029, 239—247. 

De Rossi, A., and Desiderio, C. (2005). Application of reversed phase short end-capillary electrochromatography to herbicides residues analysis. Chromatographia 61, 271—275. 

Dedicated applications of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled to MS are discussed, particularly in the field of drug analysis. Development of other capillary-based electrodriven separation techniques such as non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) hyphenated with MS are also treated. The successful coupling of these electromigration schemes with MS detection provides an efficient and sensitive analytical tool for the separation, quantitation, and identification of numerous pharmaceutical, biological, therapeutic, and environmental compounds. 

Paterson, C. J., Boughtflower, R. J., Higton, D., and Palmer, E. (1997). An investigation into the application of capillary electrochromatography-mass spectrometry (CEC-MS) for the analysis and quantification of a potential drug candidate in extracted plasma. Chromatographia 46, 599-604. 

Y. Gong and H. K. Lee, Application of Cyclam-Capped (5-Cyclodextrin-Bonded Silica Particles as a Chiral Stationary Phase in Capillary Electrochromatography for Enantiomeric Separations, Anal. Chem. 2003, 75,... 

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