Capacity lithium batteries

Liu, G.,Xun, S., Vukmirovic, N., Song,X., Olalde-Velasco, R, Zheng, H., Battaglia, V.S., Wang, L.,Yang,W., 2011a. Polymers with tailored electronic structure for high capacity lithium battery electrodes. Adv. Mater. 23, 4679-4683. 

Jia H et al (2011) Novel three dimensional mesoporous silicon for high power lithium ion battery anode material. Adv Energy Mater 1(6) 1036-1039 Jiang Z et al (2013) Facile fabrication of three dimensional Si/SiC composites via one step magnesiothermic reduction at relative low temperature. Mater Res Bull 48 4139-4145 Jung DS et al (2013) Recycling rice husks for high capacity lithium battery anodes. Proc Natl Acad SciUS A 110 12229-12234... 

Szczech JR, Jin S (2011) Nanostructured silicon for high capacity lithium battery anodes. Energy Environ Sci 4 56-72. doi 10.1039/c0ee00281j... 

Table 1. Theoretical capacities, rechargeable capacities, average operating voltages, and energy densities of secondary lithium batteries with insertion materials...

In this paper, new highlights are proposed to interpret the reversible and irreversible capacities of nanostructured carbons in lithium batteries. A proportional dependence between the irreversible capacity and the active surface area (ASA) of carbon materials will be demonstrated, showing the ASA concept more universal than any of the other parameters which were previously considered. In-situ 7Li NMR will be also presented as a means to... 

This capacity limit for a given cell size has been determined as a result of computer simulation by GP Battery Technologies, as referenced from J. Fan and D. Magnuson, in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries K.M. Abraham, E.S. Takeuchi, M. Doyle eds., PV 2000-21, the Electrochemical Proceedings Series, Pennington, NJ (2000). 

In conclusion, the composite formed by a carbon fiber cloth coated with pyrocarbon is a very promising material for the negative electrode of lithium batteries, since it couples a high reversible capacity due to the disordered fiber (1.5 time the graphite value) with a small irreversible... 

It has been known for some time that lithium can be intercalated between the carbon layers in graphite by chemical reaction at a high temperature. Mori et al. (1989) have reported that lithium can be electrochemically intercalated into carbon formed by thermal decomposition to form LiCg. Sony has used the carbon from the thermal decomposition of polymers such as furfuryl alcohol resin. In Fig. 11.23, the discharge curve for a cylindrical cell with the dimensions (f) 20 mm x 50 mm is shown, where the current is 0.2 A. The energy density for a cutoff voltage of 3.7 V is 219 W h 1 which is about two times higher than that of Ni-Cd cells. The capacity loss with cycle number is only 30% after 1200 cycles. This is not a lithium battery in the spirit of those described in Section 11.2. 

Energy Storage—CNTs have a very high surface area (about 10 m /g), good electrical conductivity and can be made very linear (straight). They have been used to make lithium batteries with the highest reversible capacity of any carbon material and employed to make supercapacitor electrodes. CNTs are used in a variety of fuel cell applications where durability is important. 

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