Cannon ball

Tumbler, jar, drum, or cannon ball mills Szegvari attritor vertical mills and other vertical stirred ball mills Planetary Fritsch and Retsch model mills Shaker (vibratory) SPEX model mills... 

Exercise. A cannon projects a ball with initial velocity v at angle 9 with the horizontal. Both v and 9 are subject to uncertainties that can be described by a Gaussian distribution for each. The distributions are centered at v0 and 60, respectively, and so sharp that non-physical values, such as negative v or 9, may be ignored. What is the probability distribution of the distance covered by the cannon ball ... 

Droplet size. Big droplets settle faster than little droplets. Contrary to that nonsense we were taught in school, cannon balls do drop faster then BBs—if one accounts for the resistance of air (BBs are small spheres of lead shot used in air guns). 

The discovery of the Coriolis effect resulted from work done by Caspar Gustav de Coriolis (1792-1843) at the behest of Napoleon, who wanted to know why his cannon balls never went straight. There is no historical record to indicate that Coriolis cast any light on Napoleon s problem but, as often happens in research, unexpected findings can stimulate curiosity and lead to other useful outcomes—as Pasteur once said, Chance only visits the prepared mind. ... 

Figure 9-11. Arrangements of close packing Cannon balls in the Castel Sant Angelo in Rome (photograph by the authors).

So when we view a castle-wall Rent by a ponderous cannon ball,... 

Mines may be sprung at a considerable distance away by the electric battery, as thus described. The Russians had the Malakoff and the Redan Towers all mined underneath, and filled with powder, in order to blow them up if the allies should storm them. They had wires connected with an electric battery at some distance off, but the Malakoft was saved from being blown up when the French entered, for a cannon ball had cut the electric cord, and the mine was thus rendered harmless. Part of the Redan was blown up, but no person was injured, as the English soldiers had been withdrawn almost as soon as they entered, as it was rightly suspected the fort had been mined. 

The trajectory of a bullet is the line described by its center on its passage through the air. It would be a parabolic cur e in a vacuum, but the resistance of the atmosphere greatly modifies this and reduces the ranra, so that a 24-pdr. cannon-ball, filled at an angle of 45 , with an initial velocity of 1,400 feet per second, ranges only some 2,100 yards instead of... 

Figure 9-11. Examples of close-packed arrangements (a) Cannon balls, Laconia, New Hampshire (b) in an open-air sculpture garden near Pecs, Hungary. Photographs by the authors.

Figure 1.1. (a) Space capsule travels In a straight line at constant speed, (b] Cannon-ball travels in a parabolic orbit and changes speed, (c) Asteroids sticking together in space by gravitational adhesion. 

To explain the fact that ordinary earthbound objects do not travel in straight lines at constant speed, like the cannon ball in Fig. 1.1(b), Newton had to produce two further ideas gravity, which turned out to be extremely convincing and friction or viscosity, which we have been fudging and striving to explain ever since. 

But Newton s laws of motion apply to macroscopic objects—cannon balls and moons—and chemists could not yet use these laws to... 

The consumption of cast iron rose considerably with the frequency of wars and the mechanization of the armies. It is said that during the Thirty Years War the Cathohc army under Tilly sent about 15 000 cannon balls of cast iron every day into Magdeburg at the siege of this town in 1631. Iron cannons were cast directly from the blast furnace. These pieces were inexpensive - compared to bronze cannons - but very heavy. They were not used for light field artillery but for permanent installations in forts and on ships. 

The use of incendiary mixtures in warfare can be traced back to ancient times, when fireballs provided an effective means of assaulting well-fortified castles. Naval warfare was revolutionized by the use of propelled objects (such as cannon balls) to attack wooden ships, and much effort was put into improving the heat output, range, portability, and accuracy of these thermal weapons. 

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