Subjective effects cannabis

A pilot study with EA 2233, using three performance measures, indicated minimal effects at the doses administered (Fig. 98). Two subjects were tested at each dose level. Only one volunteer, at 60mcg/kg, reported distinct cannabis-like effects. He described a pleasant state in which he was unconcerned with events in the environment and doubted that he would care if a fire broke out. 

Sedative and stimulant effects. A doubleblind, placebo-controlled study assessed subjective effects of smoking cannabis with either a long or short breath-holding dura-... 

CANNABIS DRUGS OF ABUSE -COCAINE Quickens the onset of effects of cocaine and t bioavailability of cocaine, leading to enhanced subjective effects of cocaine (e.g. euphoria), and t heart rate and other cardiac effects such as ischaemia Attributed to cannabis-induced vasodilatation of the nasal mucosa, which leads to t absorption of cocaine Be aware. May be the cause of ischaemic cardiac pain in young adults... 

Synhexyl is rather more potent weight for weight than natural cannabis, the effective dosage being from 5-15 mg. in normal subjects to 60-90 mg. in depressive patients. In narcotic drug addicts doses of 60-240 mg. three times daily may be given without ill effects (Himmelsbach). 

Among the well-established effects of acute intoxication with cannabis is an impairment of short-term memory. Some users often report a subjective enhancement of visual and auditory perception, sometimes with synesthesia (where sounds take on visual qualities). One subjective effect that has been confirmed is the sensation that cannabis users experience time as passing more quickly relative to real time. 

Key Words Cannabis marijuana dronabinol human smoked adverse events cardiovascular neurological cognition performance subjective effects. 

Peak subjective effects typically occur during or immediately after smoking a single cannabis cigarette and gradually dechne over several hours. To capture the complete time course of subjective effects, measurements should be repeated every 10 to 15 min during the hrst hour after smoking and every 20 to 30 min thereafter. 

The first recorded studies into the effects of cannabis were carried out by the French physician Moreau in the early 19th century, who was interested in the relationship between the state of cannabis intoxication and the characteristics of mental illness. Moreau and his students recorded their subjective experiences after consuming... 

The reduction of nausea in patients taking anti-cancer drug therapy is probably the most widely researched area for cannabis therapy. A number of these studies have shown that oral administration of isolated cannabinoids produce significant improvements, particularly for those patients who have failed to respond to standard antinausea treatments during chemotherapy (see Tortorice and O Connell, 1990 for a comprehensive review). Patients and oncologists have subjectively reported that smoked marijuana is as safe (in this patient group) and effective as isolated oral cannabinoids, but more systematic research trials are required. 

Several studies of ERPs and brain function have produced mixed results due to methodological confounds. When subjects are screened for medical and psychiatric illness, and age effects were controlled, THC does not alter brain stem and auditory or visual P300 responses (Patrick et al. 1997). Despite daily cannabis use in subjects, the only finding consisted of an elevated auditory P50 amplitude. 

The effects of cannabis on cognition is a complicated issue. Numerous studies have been conducted to measure the mental effects of cannabis, but many of these are fraught with methodological problems. Several variables must be controlled in this type of research, including the dosage and potency of cannabis used, route of administration (e.g., smoking, oral, etc.), chronicity of dose, and the subject population (nonusers, occasional users, chronic users) employed (table 10.7). Population makeup has a large effect on outcome because there have been differences demonstrated between naive and experienced cannabis users (Murray 1986). 

The effects of cannabis on memory was examined in numerous studies, and again the results are variable. For example, fewer words are recalled from a list by subjects administered cannabis compared to placebo, but no effects were seen on a verbal paired-associate learning (Abel 1971 Hooker and Jones 1987). 

Tolerance develops to many of A -THC s effects in heavy marijuana users. Although chronic cannabis use does not result in severe withdrawal symptoms, numerous case reports attest to development of dependence in subjects taking high doses of THC for several weeks. The most prominent symptoms were irritability and restlessness others included insomnia, anorexia, increased sweating, and mild nausea. Cessation of mild or moderate use of marijuana, however, does not produce a withdrawal syndrome. 

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