Cane sugar commercial

Sorbitol is a sweetener often substituted for cane sugar because it is better tolerated by dia betics It IS also an intermediate in the commercial synthesis of vitamin C Sorbitol is prepared by high pressure hydrogenation of glucose over a nickel catalyst What is the structure (including stereochemistry) of sorbitoP... 

Treat with cone, sulphuric acid. Pure glucose does not char in the cold on heating a yellow colour is developed which gradually darkens (cf. cane sugar). Ordinary commercial glucose is impure and blackens readily on heating. 

The visual appearance of a commercial sugar product has long been used as an index of the impurities contained. Despite a general advancement in instrumentation, determination of the perceptual color is still frequently the primary control in the manufacture of white or near-colorless sugar products. This situation is shared by cane-sugar refineries and beet-sugar factories a similar state of affairs exists in the production... 

Commercial production of sugar in the Indus valley was reported during Alexander the Great s invasion in the period around 325 bce, but cane sugar did not reach Europe... 

Treatment consists of completely avoiding fructose and commercially available cane sugar as well as excluding sorbitol from i.v. infusions. When this regime is strictly adhered to, prognosis is good and life expectancy unaffected. 

Syrup. Commercial name for an aqueous solution of cane or beet sugar (sucrose) sold in tank car lots to manufacturers of candy, soft drinks, soda-fountain goods, etc. USP grade is an aqueous solution of cane sugar (85g/100 mL). A viscous liquid with d 1.313. 

Molasses.—Both beet and cane sugar niolasses arc used for the manufacture of commercial alcohol tire former arc sterilized by sightly acidifying the diluted molasses and boiling the solution. 

G = percentage of commercial glucose solids a = direct polarization, normal soln. and S = percentage of cane sugar. 

Levulinic Acid. 4-Oxopenlanoic acid laevulinic acid -acetyl propionic acid. CjHtO, mol wt 116.11. C 51.72%, H 6.94%, O 41.34%. CHjCOCHjCHjCOOH. Laboratory procedure from starch Or cane sugar by boiling with 1ICI. McKenzie, Org. Syn. coll. vol. 1, 335 (1941). Produced commercially from low grade cellulose. By-product of furfural manuf. Extensive review Leonard, Ind. Eng. Chem. 48, 1331 (1956). 

Recently, much attention has been given to the production of liquid sweeteners as an alternative to cane sugar using inexpensive starch-containing natural materials as the primary feed stock. This situation exists in the United States as this country is not self sufficient in the production of cane, but must rely heavily on importation mainly from South America and the Caribbean. The main source of sta rch in the United States comes from corn (Zea mays) and the liquid sweetener commercially produced from this material is called high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). The current method of production of HFCS is via wet milling which exploits the physical properties of the whole corn constituents (oil, starch, gluten, and fiber) for their separation coupled with enzymatic hydrolysis of the starch fraction to monosaccharides. 

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