Canada case-control studies

Sicmiarycki, )., Dewar, R., Nadon, L.., and Gerin, M. (1994). Occupational risk factors for bladder cancer Results from a case-control study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Am. J. Epide-miol. 140, 1061-1080. 

Gharidian, P., Simard, A., Baillargeon, J., Tobacco, alcohol, and coffee and cancer of the pancreas. A population-based, case-control study in Quebec, Canada, Cancer, 67, 2664, 1991. 

In Siemiatycki s (1991) population-based case-control study of cancer in Montreal, Canada (see monograph on dichloromethane in this volume), phenol was one of the substances evaluated 1% of the entire study population had been exposed to it at some time. Among the main occupations to which phenol exposure was attributed in this study were electric motor repairmen and foundry workers. The publication reported an association between phenol and pancreatic cancer (odds ratio, 4.8 90% CI, 1.8-12.7 n = 4) for no other site was cancer risk associated with phenol exposure. [The Working Group noted that detailed results for other sites were not provided, because they were based on small numbers, and that workers typically had multiple exposures.]... 

Using data collected in the population-based case-control study of cancer among male residents of Montreal, Canada, described in the monograph on dichloromethane (see this volume), Gerin et al. (1998) carried out an analysis focusing on cancer risks in relation to benzene, toluene, xylene (see this volume) and styrene exposure. For these analyses, the control group for each case series consisted of a combination of the 533 population controls with 533 cancer controls selected at random from the pool of eligible cancer controls. Fifteen per cent of the entire study population had been exposed to toluene at... 

An increased risk for central nervous system and multiple myeloma was reported from a cohort study of workers exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane in Finland. These findings were not confirmed by two case-control studies carried out in the United States and Canada, while an increased risk for cancer of the lung and kidney was shown in the Canadian study. 

A case-control study in Canada indicated an elevated risk for those with an increased intake of calories, total fat, and saturated fat (20,21). This study estimated levels of fat consumption by combining information from diet histories with information on the fat content of foods A recent case-control study in Utah Mormons indicated a positive association between dietary fat and colon cancer (10). 

Opposite evidence has emerged from three case-control studies from the USA, Canada, and the UK, which showed that the rates of myocardial infarction in patients taking naproxen were lower than in patients not taking any NSAIDs (51,52) and those taking other NSAIDs (53). 

Neural tube defects, characterized by a failure of the neural tube to close properly after conception, affect about one in 1000 live births in the USA. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduces the risk. To determine whether periconceptional exposure to folic acid antagonists might therefore increase the risk of neural tube defects, data from a case-control study of birth defects (1979-98) in the USA and Canada have been examined (14). Data on 1242 infants with neural tube defects (spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalo-cele) were compared with data from a control group of 6660 infants with malformations not related to vitamin supplementation. Triamterene is a folic acid antagonist and in this series was associated with the development of neural tube defects, but there were too few cases to estimate an odds ratio. 

Recently, Perez Gutthann et al. [32] evaluated the incidence of NSAID-induced AKI from a population-based, case control study using data from Canada. Over 200, 000 health plan members were included because they had filled at least 1 prescription for NSAIDs during the 5-year interval. The crude incidence for AKI requiring hospitalization was 1.7/100, 000 persons. Current NSAID use increased risk of AKI 4 fold, a risk that equaled the risk associated with other known nephrotoxins, e.g. aminoglycosides, contrast media. The risk of AKI was especially high... 

A case-control study of 27 lung cancer subjects in Ontario, Canada, resulted in a marginally significant association between radon exposures and the lung cancers but a strong association with smoking. 

Gerin M, Siemiatcki J, Nadon L, et al. 1989. Cancer risks due to occupational exposure to formaldehyde Results of a multi-site case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Int J Cancer 44 53-58. 

Pintos J, Black MJ, Sadeghi N, et al. Human papillomavirus infection and oral cancer A case-control study in Montreal, Canada. Oral Oncol. 2008 44(3) 242-250. 

Jian, M.G., Hislop, G.T., Howe, P., and Ghadirian, P. 1999. Plant foods, antioxidants and prostate cancer risk Findings from case-control studies in Canada. Nutr. Cancer. 34, 173-184. 

Population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada... 

Anderson LN, Cotterchio M, Knight JA, Borgida A, Gallinger S, Cleary SP (2013) Genetic variants in vitamin D pathway genes and risk of pancreas cancer results from a population-based case-control study in Ontario, Canada. PLoS One 8 e66768... 

Warfarin In a large population-based, nested case-control study from Canada 2151 cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were identified in almost 135 000 subjects > 66 years of age receiving warfarin continuously [129 ]. When matched with up to 10 age- and sex-matched controls, cases were 3.84 times more likely (95% Cl = 2.33, 6.33) to have recently received co-trimoxazole. Ciprofioxacin use also significantly increased the risk of hemorrhage (OR = 1.94 95% Cl = 1.28, 2.95) but use of amoxicillin, nitrofurantoin or norfi-oxacin did not. Co-trimoxazole inhibits CYP2C9, responsible for metabolism of the 5-enantiomer of warfarin. 

Jain MG, Hislop GT, Howe GR, Ghadirian P (1999) Plant foods, antioxidants, and prostate cancer risk findings from case, control studies in Canada. Nutr Cancer 34 173-184 Beilby J, Ambrosini GL, Rossi E, De Klerk NH, Musk AW (2010) Serum levels of folate, lycopene, P-carotene, retinol and vitamin e and prostate cancer risk. Eur J Clin Nutr 64 1235-1238... 

Pb exposures were environmental in origin and considerably below those in occupational settings. The case—control studies involved populations from the United States, Canada, Finland, China, and Germany and described outcomes for multicancer sites, as well as stomach, kidney, brain, and other cancers. 

Braun JM, Kalkbrenner AE, Calafat AM et al (2010b) Variability and predictors of urinary bisphenol A concentrations during pregnancy. Environ Health Perspect 119(9) 131-137 Braun JM, Kalkbrenner AE, Calafat AM et al (2011) Impact of early-life bisphenol A exposure on behavior and executive function in children. Pediatrics 128(5) 873-882 Calafat AM (2010) BPA biomonitoring and biomarker studies. In FAOAVHO expert meeting on bisphenol A (BPA), Ottawa, Canada, 1-5 Nov 2010 Calafat AM, Ye X, Wong LY et al (2008) Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol 2003-2004. Environ Health Perspect 116(l) 39-44 Cantonwine D, Meeker ID, Hu H et al (2010) Bisphenol a exposure in Mexico City and risk of prematurity a pilot nested case control study. Environ Health 9(62) 2-7 Carwile JL, Michels KB (2011) Urinary bisphenol A and obesity NHANES 2003-2006. Environ Res lll(6) 825-830... 

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