Camphor Carbonic acid

The C2-symmetric epoxide 23 (Scheme 7) reacts smoothly with carbon nucleophiles. For example, treatment of 23 with lithium dimethylcuprate proceeds with inversion of configuration, resulting in the formation of alcohol 28. An important consequence of the C2 symmetry of 23 is that the attack of the organometallic reagent upon either one of the two epoxide carbons produces the same product. After simultaneous hydrogenolysis of the two benzyl ethers in 28, protection of the 1,2-diol as an acetonide ring can be easily achieved by the use of 2,2-dimethoxypropane and camphor-sulfonic acid (CSA). It is necessary to briefly expose the crude product from the latter reaction to methanol and CSA so that the mixed acyclic ketal can be cleaved (see 29—>30). Oxidation of alcohol 30 with pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) provides alde-... 

The Heck reaction of dihydroindoles produces a mixture of cyclized products, the ratio of which can be controlled by varying the reaction conditions < 1998CEJ1554>. Hence, the < a ti-product is produced exclusively using palladium acetate as catalyst in the presence of silver carbonate and is isomerized to the endoA oms. i on exposure to camphor-sulfonic acid (CSA) at room temperature (Scheme 11). 

Calcium Carbonate Calcium Hydroxide Calcium Oxide Calcium Phosphate Calcium Silicate Calcium Sulfate Camphor Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide Cellulose Cellulose Nitrate Cellulose Xanthate Chlorophyll Cholesterol Cinnamaldehyde Citric Acid Collagen Copper(I) Oxide Copper(II) Oxide Copper(II) Sulfate Cyanoacrylate Cyanocohalamin Denatonium Benzoate Dimethyl Ketone Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Alcohol Ethylene Glycol Ethylene Oxide... 

The hisnlphuret of carbon is purified by distillation in a very gentle heat, and then forms a very transparent, mobile, colourless liquid, of sp. g. 1.272, sinking, therefore, in water, which has a peculiar offensive smell of putrid cabbage. It is very volatile, boiling at 108" and very combustible, burning with a pale blue flame, and producing sulphurous and carbonic acids. It is insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils. It dissolves sulphur and phosphorus readily and these solutions, by spontaneous evaporation, yield fine crystals of those elements. It also dissolves camphor, essential oils, and resins. 

PNMA, poly(N-methylaniline) PANI, poly(aniline) PEDOT, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiphene PSS, poly(styrene-sulfonate), PPy, poly(pyrrole) PEO, poly(ethylene oxide) DBSA, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid CSA, camphor sulfonic acid PTSA, poly(o-toluene sulfonic acid) PFOA, perfluoro-octanolc acid TSA, toluene sulfonic acid CNF, carbon nanofiber SWCNT, single-walled carbon nanotube NP, nanoparticle MWCNT, multiwalled carbon nanotube PTh, poly(thlphene) CNT, carbon nanotube POA, poly(o-anisidine) SPANI, poly(anilinesulfonlcacld) PB, Prussian Blue DAB, 1,2-diamino benzene POEA, poly(o-ethoxyanlllne) PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate). 

MAOH. See Methyl amyl alcohol Marble. See Calcium carbonate Mascagnite. SeeAmmonlum sulfate Matricaria camphor. See Camphor Matting acid. See Sulfuric acid MBC. See Carbendazim MBI. SeeMDI... 

Note DMAc dimethylacetamide DMF Ai.JV-dimethylformamide HFIP hexafluoroisopropanol IP isopropanol FA formic acid MEK methylethylketone ETOH ethanol HOAc acetic acid ACTN acetone CS2 carbon disulfide CSA camphor sulfonic acid. 

C14-18 alcohols C30-50 alcohols Camphor L-Camphor Carbon dioxide Ceteareth-5 Ceteareth-9 Ceteth-2 Cetyl alcohol Chloracetyl chloride Chlorendic anhydride Chloroacetamide 2-Chloroacrylonitrile o-Chlorobenzotrifluoride p-Chlorobenzotrifluoride 1,1,1-Chlorodifluoroethane 2-Chloroethylmethyldichlorosilane 1-Chorohexadecane Chloromethyidimethylchlorosilane Chloromethylmethyidichlorosilane 3-Chloropropionic acid 3-Chloropropylmethyldimethoxysilane Chloropropyltrichlorosilane 3-Chloropropyltriethoxysilane 3-Chloro-p-toluidine... 

In the mid-1980s, the first technique that relies on the reversible termination of radicals with a stable free radical was developed in the group of E. Rizzardo at CSIRO in Australia. Rizzardo and co-workers found that nitroxide-stable free radicals were able to add to carbon-centered radicals to form alkoxy amines (9). In certain cases these alkoxy amines are thermally unstable, so that they enter into an equilibrium between (transient) carbon-centered radical and (persistent) nitroxide radical on one side, and alkoxy amine on the other side. TEMPO was initially the most frequently used nitroxide in conjunction with the polymerization of styrene and its derivatives. The TEMPO-polystyrene adduct requires temperatures of 120° C or above in order to establish an equilibrium at which polymerization takes place. Around the mid-1990s Georges and co-workers focused on the TEMPO-mediated pol5unerization of styrene (10), and developed various strategies to overcome intrinsic weaknesses of the system. They used camphor sulfonic acid to enhance the rate of polymerization (11). This rate enhancement was later elucidated to be due to the destruction of excess nitroxide that builds up during the polymerization. 

Calcium carbonate as support for palladium catalyst, 46, 90 Calcium hydride, 46, 58 D,L-Camphor, sulfonation to d,l-10-camphorsulfonic acid, 46,12 10-Camphorchlorosulfoxide, 46, 56 d,l-10-Camphorsulfonic acid, 46,12 conversion to acid chloride, 45,14 10-Camphorsulfonyl chloride, 45, 56 d,l-10-Camphorsulfonyl chloride,... 

Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated carbon chains that form ring structures. Naturally occurring alicyclic hydrocarbons are common (Chap. 1). For example, alicyclic hydrocarbons are a major component of crude oil, comprising 20-67 vol.%. Other examples of complex, naturally occurring alicyclic hydrocarbons include camphor (a plant terpene) and cyclohexyl fatty acids (components of microbial lipids). Anthropogenic sources of alicyclic hydrocarbons to the environment include fossil-fuel processing and oil spills, as well as the use of such agrochemicals as the pyrethrin insecticides (Chap. 1, and references therein). 

As reported by Steel et al. three structural isomers of bis(camphor-pyrazol-l-yl)methane (21a, 21b and 21c) are formed by coupling of camphorpyrazole 10 [i.e., (4S,7i )-7,8,8-trimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4,7-methano-l(2)H-indazole] with CH2CI2 (121). Isomer 21c can be separated from the other two structural isomers by crystallization or column chomatography. Deprotonation at the bridging carbon atom, subsequent reaction with carbon dioxide and acidic workup yields the enantiopure bis(camphorpyrazol-l-yl)acetic acid Hbpa (8) (Scheme 17, Fig. 19) (116). Due to missing substituents at the p5rrazolyl carbon C5 and a hence likely ortho metallation, isomers 21a and 21b are not suited for his reaction (72). 

Hydroxy acids provide characteristic mono or diol synthons whereas amino acids are the natural source for 1,2-amino alcohol fragments. A stereogenic center in either configuration, with methyl brandling, may be obtained from (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid, whereas quaternary dimethyl-substituted carbons with adjacent stereogenic centers are available from the degradation of camphor or a-pincnc. 

---