Calyptra

Archegonium not forming a calyptra but finally rupturing irregularly seta and stomata none operculum and peristome none ... 

Archegonium developing a calyptra mostly with an operculum and peristome, but some cleistocarpous sporangium with a... 

Endostome mostly imperfectly developed or sometimes wanting dorsal layer of the teeth the thicker calyptra mit-... 

Cilia usually present calyptra cucullate pleurocarpous and acrocarpous mosses.Order Hypnobryales... 

CALYPTRA The archegonium of Bryophytes distended or variously modified or torn by the growth of the sporophyte, often carried up on the top of the capsule as a thin membranous hood. 

The sprays also hastened flowering by 3 or 4 days. For example, on May 19 calyptras that had fallen from the flowers sprayed with 0, 10, 25, or 50 p.p.m. of KGA3 were, respectively, 0, 75, 80, and 85%. An advance in flowering from exogenous gibberellin had been noted in other plants (32). 

Figure 8. Emasculating a Tokay grape flower by removing calyptra and stamens with forceps...

In the following experiments the pollen, a rich source of auxin and gibberel-lins, was removed from the flowers so that the influence of different treatments on the ovaries could be studied. The flowers of Vitis vinifera are usually self-pollin-ated—i.e., the pollen usually falls on the stigma of the same flower. Emasculation experiments were performed as soon as five to ten calyptras had fallen from the... 

The root apex is covered with a calyptra extending proximally up to about 600 pm from the tip. The apical meristem is of the closed type, with each of the three root tissue systems, i.e. the vascular cylinder, the cortex, and the calyptra/epidermis, arising from its own independent groups of initials.16 Cellular differentiation had already started at a distance of about 600 pm from the tip in the 16 h-control while very little differentiation could be seen in roots from treated seeds. 

Examination of the root apex showed much the same effects as reported above (Fig. 15.6a-d). The calyptra was a particularly sensitive tissue, showing dramatic mitochondrial swelling at all dilutions tested (Fig. 15.6b-d). A conspicuous effect of the treatment with the RO fraction on the root apex was the inhibition of amyloplast development as statoliths in the columella cells of the calyptra (Fig. 15.6b-c). The almost complete lack of starch and of lipid-associated microbodies in... 

Endress, P. K. (2003). Early floral development and nature of the calyptra in Eupomatiaceae (Magnoliales). International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164,489-503. 

Sequence and expression studies of A-, B-, and E-class MADS-boxhomologues in Eupomatia (Eupomatiaceae) support for the bracteate origin of the calyptra. Internatiorml Jourruil of Plant Sciences, 166,185-198. 

D) C. oerstediana. (A) Longitudinal section of young flower bud showing sepals fused into a calyptra [S] and developing petals [P]. Scale bar (A) = 200 mu, (B)-(D) = 5 mm. For colour illustration see plate section. 

Calyptra cucullate state 1 cucullate to mitrate state 2 mitrate state 3. 

Calyptra completely covering the operculum state 1 partly or completely covering the operculum state 2 partly covering the operculum state 3. 

Colom of the calyptra below the apex white, or pale ochraceous to pale brown state 1 ochraceous or pale brown to brown state 2 brown to dark brown state 3. 

Paraphyses on the calyptra absent state 1 present and short state 2 present and long state 3. 

Texture of the calyptra entirely membranous state 1 membranous and shghtly fleshy near the ex state 2 membranous in the basal part and at some distance from the base becoming fleshy in the distal part state 3 entirely fleshy state 4. 

Calyptra cucullate (0) or mitrate (1). Mitrate calyptrae is the most common condition within the Ptychomniales, bnt cucnllate calyptrae occnr in all Euptychium and some Garovaglia species. 

Three character states were found to be significantly more likely to evolve in the presence of dwarf males, namely, teeth on dorsal leaf lamina (8), mitrate calyptrae (14), and furrowed capsules (15). With statistical support, the correlation tests suggest that dwarf males are more Ukely to evolve in the presence of rugose leaves (7) and paraphyllia (10). 

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