Calix arenes cation detection

ABSTRACT. Synthetic receptor molecules derived from calix[4]arenes have been used in different technological applications. The use of various functionalized calix[4]arenes in selective membrane transport through supported liquid membranes, selective cation detection with chemically modified field effect transistors, as preorganized donor-7c-acceptor systems in non linear optics and in the development of monolayers with receptor headgroups is discussed. 

F. Inokuchi, K. Araki, S. Shinkai, Facile detection of cation- r interactions in calix[n]arenes by mass spectrometry, Chem. Lett., 1994, 1383-1386. 

Multi-ion detection by a single optical sensor bearing different binding sites are very interesting in terms of their applications. Because of the versatile derivatiza-tion and conformations of calix[4]arenes, optical receptors for the simultaneous detection of various ions, including cations, anions, and other species, have been developed. 

Thanks to the versatility of the Raman spectroscopy, nanoparticles AgNP(25) were used also to detect other policyclic aromatic pollutants (PAHs), like benzo [cjphenanthrene, triphenylene, and coronene [67]. In this case, selectivity is not as important as in other sensors, because the pollutant molecule can be in principle identified by its Raman spectrum. The affinity constants and the limits of detection of PAHs were also determined. In 2012, Coleman and co-workers developed a method to determine the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of cationic surfactants exploiting the SPB of a series of sulfonato calix [njarene-capped AgNPs [68]. The nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing AgNOs with sodium borohydride in aqueous solution in the presence of the sulfonate calix[n]arene derivatives 24, 26 and 27 (see Fig. 35.15) and characterized by TEM, DLS and UV-visible spectroscopy. Suspensions of the... 

The use of 13a in the extraction process or in the transport through supported liquid membranes (SLMs) allows to recover more than 98% of the cesium cation present in solution, making this derivative extremely attractive for declassification of nuclear wastes. Ligand 13a was dso used for the selective detection of cesium in ISEs and ISFETs with very high selectivity and low detection limit. Very recently, we anchored calix[4]arene-crown-5 and -crown-6 derivatives on silica-gel via hydrosilanization and we were able to separate by chromatography potassium or cesium fi"om other alkali metal ions with high efficiency. ... 

New diester/diamide-calix[4]aienediquinones and a diamide-benzo-15-crown-5-calix[4]arene receptor molecule have been prepared and shown to complex Group 1 and 2 metal, ammonium and alkylammonium cations with association constants up to 4.8 X 10 with Ba + and (3) in acetonitrile solution. The redox-active quinone containing receptors electrochemically recognise these cationic guest species, including for the first time, the amperometric detection of an alkyl ammonium cationic guest species by a redox-active ionophore. 

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