Paper calendering

Roll-kolander, m. roller calender (Paper) supercalender, -mass, n. (coiled) tape measure. -reibung, /. rolling friction, -schicht, /. upright course (bricks set on end), -stein, m. boulder, -wagen, m. truck, lorry, -wider-stand, m. resistance to rolling rolling friction. 

J. Vlachopoulos and C. Kiparissides, An Analysis of Thermoplastics in Calendering, paper presented at the 26th Canadian Chemical Engineering Conf., Toronto, Canada, 1976. 

Paper is used extensively in laminations where it is bonded, usually by heat and/or adhesive, to other films, notably plastics and aluminium, e.g. LDPE/adhesive/aluminium/adhesive/calendered paper. This type of lamination can be used for form fill and seal work, e.g. sachet packs of deliquescent powders. 

Nilsson et al. [48] find that the apparent moisture diffusion coefficient falls from 5.4 x 10 to 2.1 x 10 ms s as the density increases from 500 kg m (softwood pulp) to 1530 kg m" (coated and calendered paper). 

Calendered Papers Wallpapers with hard coatings. 

As a final step, the paper will be smoothed in the calendering section. Calendering involves subjecting the paper surfaces to high temperatures and pressures in order to create a smooth, glossy surface. A distinction is made between supercalendered and soft-nip calendered papers. In the supercalender, the paper is rim over a large number of nips. 

Nomex is used in sheet form, but mainly as fiber [25, 38, 39]. The Nomex sheet is calendered paper mostly used for electric insulating purposes. Honeycomb structures combined with a phenolic resin are widely used as fire-proof components in aircraft construction. However, the most important apphcation of Nomex results from the combination of low flammability, thermostability, and flexibility of its fabrics. These fabrics and clothes are worn by fire fighters, pilots of racing cars, pilots and crews of military air planes. Their heat resistant clothing (one or more layers) includes shoes, socks, balaclavas, gloves, and hoods. 

Spray appHcations to the surface of the sheet have been useful, especially for appHcation of creping aids and release agents in towel and tissue miUs. The spray appHcation of functional chemicals has not been used widely. Generally, the uniformity of appHcation is mote difficult to control when functional chemicals are sprayed than when they are appHed by a size press. Eunctional chemicals also can be appHed to heavier grades of paper or paperboard at the calender stack. 

Curl Control. Many grades of paper tend to cud, especially as humidity varies, because of the stresses produced duting the dryiag process. This is especially troublesome when only one side of the paper receives a surface treatment. Judicious appHcation of water to the opposite side of the dry sheet followed by redryiag may correct the curling. Water may be appHed by surface appHcation at the size press, water box, or calender stack or it may be sprayed on. Small amounts of water can be appHed to the paper surface as a foam with exceUent results. 

Satinappretur, /. satin finish, glazed finish, satinieren, v.t. satin, glaze, gloss calender or supercalender (paper). 

Walzen-glas, n. cylinder glass, -gldttwerk, n. Paper) calender, -kessel, m. cylinder boiler, cylindrical boiler, -lager, m. roller bearing, -muhle, /. roller mill, roll crusher, -satz, m. 

A thin layer of a mix of natural rubber, sulfur, precipitated silica, water, and some additives, such as carbon black and vulcanizing agents, is extruded on a paper support belt, calendered, and vulcanized as a roll in an autoclave under elevated pressure and temperature ( 180 °C). A modi-... 

Figure 35.44 typically shows the capability of a modern calender line to produce a 1450 mm coated sheet without a big thickness gradient across by applying the proper cross axes settings for various products. The products fulfil the requirement mentioned earlier in this paper. 

These dispersions thus obtained are mixed together, and after the introduction of other additives, coated (at about 5-10g/m2 as dry solid) on a substrate such as paper, synthetic paper, or plastic film, dried, and calendered to give thermosensitive recording paper. 

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