Functions, exclusivity

Many compounds capable of chelation have been tested for antimicrobial properties. Those showing positive results include saHcylaldoxime [94-67-7] l-nitroso-2-naphthol [131-91-9] mercaptobenzothiazol [149-30-4], dimethylglyoxime [95-45-4], saHcylaldehyde [90-02-8], cupferron [135-20-6], phenanthroline [66-71-7], isoniazid [54-85-3], thiosemicarbazones, the sulfur analogue of oxine, and numerous antibiotics (qv) including tetracyclines. Whether these compounds function exclusively, partially, or at all by virtue of their abiHty to chelate is open to debate. 

The results show that the dediazoniations afforded dihydrofuran derivatives which were functionalized exclusively at the site of the cyclized radical (10.58, Z = 0, n = 1) in very good yields for bromination and iodination, and moderate yields for chlorination, phenylthionation, and cyanation. All cyclizations take place in the exo mode, i.e., at the -CH= (second-last) carbon and not at the CH2 group (endo mode for nomenclature see Beckwith et al., 1980). 

Notice that, since AG is a function exclusively of the initial and final states of the reacting species, it can provide information only about the direction and equilibrium state of the reaction. AG is independent of the mechanism of the reaction and therefore provides no information concerning rates of reactions. Consequently—and as explained below—although a reaction may have a large negative AG or AG , it may nevertheless take place at a negligible rate. 

The insertion is monopolar when the electrode functions exclusively as either the anode or the cathode and in this case it is connected with one of the poles of the electric source as shown in Figure 6.22 (a-f). Since the voltage for a single cell is very small (of the order of one to a few volts) several cells are usually connected in series and parallel combinations such that the overall potential drop corresponds to the available direct current power source. With bipolar insertions, however, there are a number of electrodes in each cell which function as anodes on one side and as cathodes on the other apart from the end electrodes, these are not directly connected to the electric source. 

PAMAM dendrimers or modified PAMAM dendrimers (with oxiamine or sulfhydryl surface functionalities) exclusive of one another. These antisera recognize den-drimers in ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays), dot blots and Western blots. The immunogenicity of dendrimer-protein conjugates has implications for therapeutic use of dendrimers as vaccines and we anticipate that antidendrimer antibodies will have applications in patterning and assembling nanostructures containing dendrimers. 

The RNA genomes of single-stranded RNA bacterial viruses, such as Q/3, MS2, R17, and f2, are themselves mRNAs. Bacteriophage Q/3 codes for a polypeptide that combines with three host proteins to form an RNA-depen-dent RNA polymerase (replicase). The three host proteins are ribosomal protein SI and two elongation factors for protein synthesis EF-Tu and EF-Ts (see table 28.5). The Q/3 replicase functions exclusively with the Q/3 RNA plus strand template. It first makes a complementary RNA transcript (minus strand) and ultimately uses the minus strand as... 

In the cell, the vacuolar ATPase functions exclusively as an ATP hydrolysis-driven proton pump. This functional preference of the vacuolar ATPase seems not to be due to a fundamental structural difference compared with the ATP synthase because it has been shown that the V-ATPase can be reversed to synthesize ATP in vitro, albeit with very low efficiency (Hirata et al., 2000). 

Type 2 MTs, also currently understood to function exclusively as OMTs, are found in all lignin-producing plants. This family is specific for coenzyme A derivatized phenylpropanoid compounds and appears to be less diverse in sequence and gene number than the type 1 family of MTs (Fig. 2.3). Based on database searches, type 2 OMTs consist of caffeoyl and feruloyl coenzyme-A specific OMTs (CCoAOMTs). The most closely related enzymes to plant CCoAOMTs are the mammalian small molecule methyltransferases, including catechol OMT and bacterial MTs involved in macrolide biosynthesis. 

After division by9 (i) 9 (2) we have an equation with two terms, functions exclusively of the coordinates of electron (1) or exclusively of those of (2). 

At the outset, it appeared that proteinaceous products dispatched by a special class of neurosecretory neurons, such as those of the pars intercerebral is of insects, function exclusively in a neurohormonal capacity. Following the classical discovery by Kopec (1922) of a brain hormone controlling insect metamorphosis much information has been gained on a number of essential neurohormonal functions carried out by neuropeptides in the control of postembryonic development as well as reproductive, metabolic, muscular, and additional activities. 

Our method is based on the property that the m sequence generated by an LFSR with exclusive-OR feedback function is complementary to the one generated by the same LFSR with inverted feedback function (exclusive-NOR), that is, one sequence differs from the other in replacing the O s by I s... 

Tw o pathw ays lead to apoptosis in mature neurons the intrinsic mitochondria-dependent pathw ay and the death receptor-induced extrinsic (mitochondria-independent) pathw ay. These pathw ays seldom function exclusively and often converge wdth each other. 

Before undertaking any work, assessors and inspectors (including contracted personnel) should sign a declaration of interest. If, based on their declaration of interest, it is deemed appropriate for them to undertake the work specified, they agree to carry out their functions exclusively for the agency. They should confirm that the information disclosed by them in the declaration of interest is correct, that no situation of real, potential or apparent conflict of interest is known to them and that they have no financial or other interest in, and/or relationship with a party which ... 

A long-standing question in bacterial chemotaxis was whether CheZ is a specific phosphatase of CheY P or whether it is an allosteric regulator of the intrinsic dephosphorylation activity of CheY P. The structure of the CheZ CheY-BeF3 complex suggests that none of these mechanisms functions exclusively. Rather, the mechanism appears to... 

Bis(citraconimidomethyl)benzene, commercial name Perkalink 900, has been introduced and functions exclusively as a reversion resistor. It is understood to react via a Diels-Alder reaction to form a six-membered ring on the polymer chain (Figure 9.8). The ultimate crosslink is thermally stable and replaces sulfur crosslinks that disappear during reversion (Rubber Chemicals, 1998). 

In this expression j is the number of atomic groups Cj of type i. Because pressure has no effect at low pressures, this group can be used to correlate p as a function exclusively of temperature expressed as T,. A very useful correlation is that of Reichenberg (1973, 1975), which in its simpler form is... 

The hydride ion, H , which is transferred from the secondary alcohol to NAD7 contains two electrons thus, NAD and NADH function exclusively in two-electron oxidations and two-electron reductions. 

Aminal Cleavage. In contrast to aromatic sulfonyl chlorides, which effect cleavage of aminals exclusively with formation of iminium salts and sulfonamides, tert-hutylsulfonyl chloride functions exclusively as a hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide donator to aminal 1 (eq 2). In addition to iminium and ammonium salts the formation of an atninal-sulfur dioxide adduct 2 takes place. This latter can be hydrolyzed to dimethylaminomethanesulfonic acid and dimethylammonium hydrogensulflte. 

In vitro, EGCG has been shown to cause growth inhibition and apoptosis in a number of human cancer cell lines including leukemia, melanoma, breast cancer, lung, bladder, and colon [47, 287-289]. Yamauchi (2009) reported EGCG in green tea polyphenols (GTP) as a potent apoptosis inducer that functions exclusively... 

---