Polyethylene calcium carbonate filled

Y. Bomal and P. Goddard, Melt Viscosity of Calcium-carbonate-filled Low Density Polyethylene Influence of Matrix-filler and Particle-particle Interactions, Polym. Eng. Sci., 36, 237-243 (1996). 

General discussions of the effect of reinforcing agents on the thermal properties of polymers include glass fiber-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate [28], multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced liquid crystalline polymer [29], polysesquioxane [30, 31], polynrethane [31], epoxy resins [32], polyethylene [33], montmorillonite clay-reinforced polypropylene [34], polyethylene [35], polylactic acid [36, 37], calcium carbonate-filled low-density polyethylene [38], and barium sulfate-filled polyethylene [39]. 

Figure 5 Izod impact strength of calcium carbonate filled linear low density polyethylene A Tilcom CAIO O Tilcom CA35 (reprinted by permission of Tioxide Chemicals).

There seem to be only limited published studies of calcium carbonate s influence on the mechanical properties of thermoplastics and elastomers. Clearly, the Young s modulus and tensile strength are increased. H. Kim et al. [98] showed the addition of calcium carbonate into polypropylene, poly(propylene-random ethylene) copolymer, and poly( propylene-ethylene-butene) terpolymer increases Young s modulus and decreases elongation to break. Kwon et al. [99] observed the same trend for high-density polyethylene, low-density polypropylene, and linear low-density polyethylene compounds that tensile stress of calcium carbonate-filled compounds were higher than unfilled systems. 

Extrudate Swell The extrudate swell of wood-filled plastics typically increases with the flow rate (shear rate), decreases with filler loading, and practically does not depend on the melt temperature. A nonfibrous filler, such as calcium carbonate, also suppresses swell of polyethylene, and in the case of medium-density polyethylene, a swell suppression was maximal at 30% of calcium carbonate (0.4 (xm particles) [32]. A similar effect was shown using HDPE filled with rice hulls (Table 17.13). 

Zhang, Q., Xanthos, M., Freeman, M.G., and Ashton, H. (2002) Highly filled calcium carbonate/polyethylene porous films for water vapor breathable... 

Inorganic particulate fillers such as calcium carbonate and china clay can be compounded with PHB and extruded or moulded. The mechanical properties of the resultant products, however, provide no particular surprises, being stiffer but more brittle than the base polymer. Even so, calcium hydroxyapatite filled PHB is currently being evaluated as a potential bone substitute in maxillofacial surgery, for example, and in fracture fixation plates in much the same way as the recent development of apatite filled polyethylene. The main advantages of PHB over polyethylene (PE) in these applications are its biocompatibility and biodegradability, which will be discussed in more detail later. 

Figure 6.1 A comparison of the effect of calcium carbonate and aluminium hydroxide fillers on the oxygen index of a filled polyethylene...

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