Caffeine chemical structure

Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Speed generally contains one or more agents belonging to the drug class of sympathomimetics Chemical Formulas C10H15NO (Ephedrine) C9H13NO (Synephrine) C8H10N4O2 (Caffeine) Chemical Structures ... 

Fig. 2.5.9 COSY spectra acquired at 600 MHz with an eight-coil probe along with the chemical structures of the compounds used. Each sample was a 10 mM solution in D20 loaded into the coil via the attached Teflon tubes, with the samples being (A) sucrose, (B) galactose, (C) arginine, (D) chloroquine, (E) cysteine, (F) caffeine, (G) fructose and (H)...

The chemical name of caffeine is 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, and it is part of the purine family of derivatives of methylxanthines (Figure 4-2). Caffeine s basic chemical structure is similar to the purine structure found in DNA (see below). This similarity in structure generated speculation that caffeine may somehow cause... 

Sweetness Production by the Combination of Bitter and Sweet Tastes. Sensory tests using typically bitter compounds such as brucine, strychnine, phenylfiiiourea, caffeine and bitter peptides were performed. Sensory tests using typically bitter compounds such as brucine, strychnine, phenylthiourea, caffeine and bitter peptides were performed. Sensory taste impression were also measured for combinations of acetic acid (sour) and typical bitter compounds (5). The data from these studies indicated that the tastes of ese bitter/sour mixtures changed to a sweet taste regardless of their chemical structure of the bitter component (Table II). 

Look-alikes contain caffeine, ephedrine, or phenylpropanolamine, either singly or in combination. Ephedrine is a natural stimulant with a chemical structure resembling adrenaline that produces more anxiety and less euphoria than amphetamines. It... 

Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class A naturally occurring methylxanthine derivative structurally related to caffeine Chemical Formula C7H8N4O2 Chemical Structure ... 

Fig. 5. Chemical structures of naturally occurring PDE inhibitors highlighting the pyrimidinone heterocycle as a naturally occurring pharmacophore for PDE inhibition, (a) Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione). (b) Theophylline (1,3-dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione). (c) Theobromine (3,7-dihydro-3,7-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione). (d) IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione).

Bungert K. and Eichner K. (2000) Radical scavenging and antioxidative properties of phenolic compounds in relation to their chemical structure Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. (Caffeinated Beverages) Chem. Abstr. 13, 88522)754, 119 134. 

Fig. 2.36 The coffee shrub and its berries, cocoa beans and tea flowers. Shown below are the 3D molecular models of caffeine, theobromine and theophylline. The difference between the chemical structures is the number and position of methyl groups (highlighted by dark shacMng). (Authors own work and copyright-free pictures from the book Bessette, Alan E., Chapman, William K. (eds.) Plants and flowers. 1761 Illustrations for artists and designers. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1992)...

Finally, a few words should be offered on the mysterious substance of thein. Actually, this is the same as caffeine, and articles attributing special effects to thein have no scientific credibility. Thein was identified by a researcher named M. Oudiy in 1827 as the ingredient responsible for the stimulating effect of tea. However, later it was shown to be identical to caffeine, which was also discovered in the 1820s. German Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Fischer (1852-1919) explored the chemical structure of caffeine at the end of the nineteenth century, and also synthesized it... 

Most alkaloids have basic properties coimected with a heterocyclic tertiary nitrogen. Notable exceptions are colchicine, caffeine, and paclitaxel. Most alkaloids are biosynthetically derived from amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, ornithine, and lysine. Alkaloids represent a wide variety of chemical structures. About 20000 alkaloids are known, most being isolated from plants. But alkaloids have also been found in microorganisms, marine organisms such as algae, dinoflagellates, and puffer fish, and terrestrial animals such as insects, salamanders, and toads. 

Similar to polyphenols, alkaloids are products of the secondary metabolism of plants, which have been identified in hundreds of plant species with great structural diversity [21], Methybcanthines derived from purine nucleotides are known collectively as purine alkaloids. Caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine alkaloids are methylated xanthine derivatives. Figure 14.2 shows their chemical structures and, as can be observed, these structures differ only in the number and the position of one methyl substituent and/or hydrogen atom around the xanthine ring system. 

Figure 2 WebCSD results pane showing CSD information for caffeine 3D structure and text information. The chemical diagram can be viewed by clicking on the tab.

Fig. 82.3 Chemical structures of some important molecules (a) glucosinolates, (b) caffeine, (c) beta carotene, (d) beta sitosterol, (e) isoflavones, and (f) resveratrol...

Tables 20.4.13 to 20.4.17 present the solubility of several high-value compoxmds, namely caffeine, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and thymol, in liquid ethyl lactate in the temperature range of 293.2-343.2K. The chemical structures of these compoimds are depicted in Figure 20.4.14. Solubilities in both water-saturated (1.4 wt%) and dried (0.03 wt%) ethyl lactate are given in the tables, since the hydroscopic character of ethyl lactate makes important to understand the effect of small amounts of water on solute solubility.

Figure 1 Chemical structures of caffeine and the dimethyl-xanthines. (A) Purine ring nomenclature according to E. Fischer (B) caffeine (C) theobromine (D) theophylline (E) paraxanthine. From Dews (1984).

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