Cadmium chemistry

A fairly recent development in zinc and cadmium chemistry has been the use of NMR to study the coordination environment of these metals 1L1Cd, 113Cd and 67Zn nuclei have been A structure-reactivity relationship which predicts formation constants of complexes with organic ligands has been put forward.241 ... 

Group 12 Zinc and cadmium chemistry is mainly about the ion. 

In nuclear chemistry, a fission reaction (see atomic energy) may be initiated by a neutron and may also result in the production of one or more neutrons, which if they reacted in like manner could start a chain reaction. Normally, moderators such as cadmium rods which absorb neutrons are placed In the reactor to control the rate of fission. 

In its chemistry, cadmium exhibits exclusively the oxidation state + 2 in both ionic and covalent compounds. The hydroxide is soluble in acids to give cadmium(II) salts, and slightly soluble in concentrated alkali where hydroxocadmiates are probably formed it is therefore slightly amphoteric. It is also soluble in ammonia to give ammines, for example Of the halides, cadmium-... 

The chemistry, electrochemistry, and crystal stmcture of the cadmium electrode is much simpler than that of the nickel electrode. The overall reaction is generally recognized as ... 

Effective metal ion adsorbent has been prepai ed by the immobilization of propylthioethyleamine ligand onto the surface of silica gel (SN-SiO,).The effectiveness of this material to bind metal ions has been attributed to the complexation chemistry between the ligand and the metal. We are investigating properties of propylthioethyleamine grafted on the surface of silica and possibility of application of the obtained surface for preconcentration of heavy metals such as zinc, lead, cadmium, copper, etc. from water solutions. 

R. H. Prince, Zinc and Cadmium Chap. 56.1, pp. 925-1045, in Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry, Vol. 5, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1987. 

J. Boersma, Zinc and Cadmium in Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, Vol. 2, pp 823 865, Pergamon, Cambridge 1982. 

Webb, M. (1979). The metallothioneins. In The Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Biology of Cadmium, ed. M. Webb, pp. 195-266. Amsterdam Elsevier/North Holland. 

The relatively simple chemistry of this redox reaction is one reason why nickel-cadmium batteries are rechargeable. As we show later in this chapter, applying an external voltage can reverse this reaction. 

Battery technology continues to advance at a steady pace. Lithium batteries and nickel-metal-hydride batteries are now commonplace. These new rechargeable batteries eliminate the need for toxic cadmium and store more energy per unit mass. The detailed chemistry that underlies the newest advances in battery technology involves principles that are beyond the scope of an introductory course. 

Rauh RD (1988) Cadmium Chalcogenides (CdS, CdSe, CdTe). In Finklea HO (ed) Semiconductor Electrodes (Studies in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 55) Elsevier... 

Baral S, Fojtik A, Weller H, Henglein A (1986) Photochemistry and radiation chemistry of coUoidal semiconductors. 12. Intermediates of the oxidation of extremely small particles of cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, and tricadmium diphosphide and size quantization effects (a pulse radiolysis study). J Am Chem Soc 108 375-378... 

The chemistry of vinyl acetate synthesis from the gas-phase oxidative coupling of acetic acid with ethylene has been shown to be facilitated by many co-catalysts. Since the inception of the ethylene-based homogeneous liquid-phase process by Moiseev et al. (1960), the active c ytic species in both the liquid and gas-phase process has always been seen to be some form of palladium acetate [Nakamura et al, 1971 Augustine and Blitz, 1993]. Many co-catalysts which help to enhance the productivity or selectivity of the catalyst have appeared in the literature over the years. The most notable promoters being gold (Au) [Sennewald et al., 1971 Bissot, 1977], cadmium acetate (Cd(OAc)j) [Hoechst, 1967], and potassium acetate (KOAc) [Sennewald et al., 1971 Bissot, 1977]. 

Shaw, C.F. Ill, Laib, J.E., Savas, M.M. and Petering, D.H. (1990) Biphasickinetics of aurothionein formation from gold sodium thiomalate a novel metallochromic technique to probe zinc (2 + ) and cadmium(2 +) displacement from metallothionein. Inorganic Chemistry, 29, 403-408. 

Munoz, A., Laib, F., Petering, D.H. and Shaw, C.F. Ill (1999) Characterization of the cadmium complex of peptide 49-61 a putative nudeation center for cadmium-induced folding in rabbit liver metallothionein IIA. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 4, 495—507. 

Herber RFM (1994b) Cadmium. In Seiler HG, Sigel A, Sigel H (eds.) Handbook on metals in clinical and analytical chemistry. Dekker, New York. 

In contrast to the chemistry of the zinc complexes [TpRR]ZnR, the cadmium alkyl derivatives have not been used to prepare an extensive series of half-sandwich [TpRR]CdX complexes. However, several [Tp JCdX complexes supported by sterically demanding tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborato ligands, e.g., [TpBut]CdCl (98), [TpBut]CdI (91), [Tp lCdl (91), and [TpBut,Me]Cd(Tj2-02N0) (91), have been synthesized by metathesis between CdX2 and either K[TpRR ] or Tl[TpRR ] [Eq. (15)]. 

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