C.L Reactive Black

Dajka, K Takacs, E Solpan, D Wojnarovits, L Guven, O. High-energy irradiation treatment of aqueous solutions of C.l. Reactive Black 5 azo dye pulse radiolysis experiments. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2003 67, 535-538. 

When analysing reactive dyes care needs to be taken in the interpretation of the results. Certain ranges of reactive dyes may be supplied in the form of a precursor of the actual reactive dye. Reactive dyes can undergo hydrolysis in aqueous environments (especially if alkaline). In recent years there has been an increase in the number of bifunctional reactive dyes. For aU of the reasons mentioned, a multitude of peaks may be detected from the different derivatives of dyes such as Remazol Black B (C.L Reactive Black 5) The full chemistry of reactive dyes has not always been appreciated by workers analysing them leading to misinterpretations, for example in the work of Oxspring et al. ... 

Amino-5-hydroxy-3,6-bis((4-((2-(sulfooxy)ethyi)-sulfon-yl)phenyl)azo)-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid tetra-sodium salt. 4-Amino-5-hydroxy-3,6-bis((4-((2-(sulfooxy)ethyl)-sulfon-yl)phenyl)azo)- C.l. 20505 C.l. Reactive Black 5 Cav-alite Black B Celmazol Black B DIamira Black B Dri-marene Black R/K 3B EINECS 241-164-5 Intraoron Black VS-B Levafix Black E-B Primazin Black BN Reactive Black 5 Remazol Black B Remazol Black GF Sumifix Black B. 

C.l. Reactive Black 5 (5.25 g/L) Na CO, MaOH NaCI Perigen LDR virastewater after the ozonation step viraatewater pH=6.54... 

Hu, C. et al., Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) pigmented fraction suppresses both reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in chemical and biological model systems, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 5271, 2003. 

An inverse relation between the efficiency of decolorization and the dye concentration has frequently been observed. This fact can be ascribed to several factors, the main of which can be considered the toxicity of the dyes at higher concentrations [41, 45, 51-53]. With Reactive Red 3B-A, concentrations from 100 to 2,000 ppm were tested with C. bifermentans [5]. At concentrations less than 200 ppm, 90% decolorization within 12 h was observed, while at very high dye concentration (>1,000 ppm), the decolorization rate decreased. Khalid et al. [54] observed an inverse relationship between the velocity of the decolorization reaction and the dye concentrations between 100 and 500 mg L 1 azo dye (Reactive Black 5, Direct Red 81, Acid Red 88, and Disperse Orange 3) by Shewanella putrefaciens. A decrease in decolorization percentage at a Acid Black 210 initial concentration growing from 100 to 400 ppm was also observed with V. harveyi, but the decrease was low [44]. 

Hsueh, C-L Huanga, Y-H Wang, C-C Chena, C-Y. Photoassisted Fenton degradation of nonbiodegradable azo-dye (Reactive Black 5) over a novel supported iron oxide catalyst at neutral pH. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 2006 245, 78-86. 

Piperidine. Hexahydropyridine. CjH N mol wt 85.15. C 70.52%, H 13.02%, N 16.45%. Found in small quantities in Piper nigrum L.. Piperaceae (black pepper). May be obtained from pipeline by henting with alcoholic KOH, or from 1,5-diaminopentane hydrochloride by cycli-zarion. Usually prepd by electrolytic reduction of pyridine. Forms complexes with salts of heavy metals. Because of its reactivity, piperidine is useful in the prepn of cryst derivatives of aromatic nitro compds contg nuclear halogen atoms Seikel, J, Am. Chem. Soc. 62, 750 (1940). Review of physical constants of piperidine and N-alkyl piperidines Magnus -... 

To assess the extent of uncatalyzed thermal oxidation of reactive dye solution, wet oxidation was performed without the catalyst and H2O2 at atmospheric pressure and 80°C. The initial concentration of the reactive black 5 solution was l,000mg/L. As can be seen in Figure 2, no detectable extent of the uncatalyzed thermal oxidation of the dye solution could be achieved. Even in the presence of lOg CU/AI2O3 catalyst the oxidation did not proceed at all. The addition of H2O2(20mL, 0.5N), however, enhanced the efficiency of the oxidation remarkably. Most of the dye could successfully be oxidized within 20min. 

Figure 6.20. Stability of grafted carbon black (A), carbon black with physically absorbed polymer (B) and untreated carbon black (C). [Adapted, by permission, from Tsubokawa N, Hosoya M, Kurumada J, Reactive Functional Polym., 11, No.l, 1995, 75-81.]...

Bahorun, T., Ramma, A.L., Guimess, T.K., et al. 2010. Black tea reduces uric acid and C-reactive protein levels in humans susceptible to cardio vascular diseases . Toxicology., 278 68-74. 

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