C. albidus

As part of a study of the secondary chemistry of members of Cistus (the rock-rose) in France, Robles and Garzino (1998) examined the essential oil of C albidus L. Plants were sampled from two areas in Provence characterized by different soil types, calcareous sites west of Marseille, and siliceous sites near Pierrefeu-du-Var and Bormes les Mimosas (PF and BM, respectively, in Fig. 2.23), which lie about 60 km and 80 km to the east, respectively, in the Massif les Maures. Regardless of the soil type, a-zingiberene [88] (Fig. 2.24) was the dominant component. Concentrations of other major components of the plants varied between the two soil types, as summarized in Table 2.6. Many other compounds were present in lesser amounts, but varied little between the two areas. A more recent paper by the same workers (Robles and Garzino, 2000) described an analysis of C. monspeliensis L. leaf oils, the results of which are summarized in Table 2.7. 

Xylanolytic systems of yeasts and fungi can also be induced by positional isomers of xylobiose. Induction with Xylp-p-(l- 2)-Xyl/7 is analogous to the sophorose induction of cellulase in filamentous fungi (76). Xylp-p-(l- 2)-Xyl/7 and Xylp-p-(l- 3)-Xyl/7 induced xylanase in C. albidus (77), Trichosporon cutaneum (73), A. pullulans (78) and A. terreus (Hrmova, M. et al., Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, submitted for publication, 1990). In C. albidus the positional isomers behave differently than does xylobiose (77), in that the response of the cells to them was slower but the enzyme yields were higher than in the presence of xylobiose. This in-icated that isomeric xylobioses were not direct inducers. In agreement with this idea, both Xylp-p-(l- 2)-Xylp and Xylp-p-(l- 3)-Xylp were transformed to Xyl/7-p-(l- 4)-Xyl/7, the natural inducer (79). 

C. albidus, C. laurentii, C. stellata, C. wickerhamii, D. hanseniil, H. anomala, H. uvarum, K. apiculata, K. thermotolerans, M. pulcherrima, P. guilliermondii, P. membranifaciens, R. rubra, S. pombe, Z bailii Contamination yeasts Active hydroxycinnamate decarboxilase activity producing vinylphenols in synthetic media and grape juices Chatonnet et al. (1992) Shinohara et al. (2000) Dias et al. (2003a)... 

Robles, C. and Garzino, S. 1998. Essential oil composition of Cistus albidus leaves. Phytochemistry 48 1341-1345. 

The second patent describes the use of a microbial mixed culture (Hansenula sydowiorum, Hansenula ciferrii, Hansenula lynferdii, and/or Cryptococcus albidus) in coal desulfurization [160], In this process, the raw mined coal is ground to a particle size smaller than 200 mesh forming a slurry with water, at a solids concentration of less than 40wt%. The bacterial cultures are then inoculated into the feedstock slurry. An incubation step is carried out at a temperature near 25°C and at a pH close to neutral. The highest removal achieved was in the range of 46% S removal. 

Figure 1. Amino acid sequences of microbial glycohydrolases. A Aureobasid-iwn sp. endo-xylanase Sc Schizophyllwn commune endo-xylanase C Chainia sp. endo-xylanase Bp Bacillus pumilus endo-xylanase Bs Bacillus subtilis Bacillus circulans endo-xylanase Pf Pseudomonas fluorescens endo-xylanase B alkalophilic Bacillus sp. endo-xylanase Ct Clostridium thermocellum endo-xylanase Cf Cellulomonas fimi cellobiohydrolase Ca Cryptococcus albidus endo-xylanase. Residue numbers are those of the adjacent residue, counting from the N-terminus of the mature protein.

Lock, K. and Janssen, C.R. (2001) Test designs to assess the influence of soil characteristics on the toxicity of copper and lead to the oligochaete Enchytraeus albidus. Ecotoxicology, 10, 137-144. 

Lock, K., Janssen, C.R. and de Coen, W.M. (2000) Multivariate test designs to asses the influence of zinc and cadmium bioavailability in soils on the toxicity to Enchytraeus albidus. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 19, 2666 - 2671. 

C15H26O13 414.363 Formed by a xylan degrading enzyme from the cells of Cryptococcus albidus. Syrup. Md -37.2 (c, 1.4 in H2O). 

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